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91.
92.
We analyzed the early stages of reactivity of three different particle size samples of Bioglass 45S5 and a bulk sample in TRIS-buffered solution at pH 8. Ion release, measured with ion-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, and pH variations are reported. It was demonstrated that differences in the initial surface area influence the increase in pH, the rate of elemental release, and the rate of calcium phosphate reprecipitation. In particular, a thicker Ca/P layer was obtained on larger particles. The equilibrium value of Si in solution was independent of sample form and amount of sample dissolved, and was always close to the value observed when bulk silica is dissolved at pH 8. An analytical model is proposed for cation release, based on a two-step mechanism. It was found that the early stage of dissolution was nearly diffusion controlled for larger particles and bulk samples. The second stage was similar to a first-order homogeneous dissolution. The influence of sample surface area/solution volume ratio seemed to be more complex than that proposed in the early works presented in the literature. It is suggested that variation of surface area has a significant impact on the course of the dissolution. 相似文献
93.
Yamazaki K McGovern D Ragoussis J Paolucci M Butler H Jewell D Cardon L Takazoe M Tanaka T Ichimori T Saito S Sekine A Iida A Takahashi A Tsunoda T Lathrop M Nakamura Y 《Human molecular genetics》2005,14(22):3499-3506
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the digestive tract. The pathogenesis of IBD is complicated, and it is widely accepted that immunologic, environmental and genetic components contribute to its etiology. To identify genetic susceptibility factors in CD, we performed a genome-wide association study in Japanese patients and controls using nearly 80,000 gene-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and investigated the haplotype structure of the candidate locus in Japanese and European patients. We identified highly significant associations (P = 1.71 x 10(-14) with odds ratio of 2.17) of SNPs and haplotypes within the TNFSF15 (the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 15) genes in Japanese CD patients. The association was confirmed in the study of two European IBD cohorts. Interestingly, a core TNFSF15 haplotype showing association with increased risk to the disease was common in the two ethnic groups. Our results suggest that the genetic variations in the TNFSF15 gene contribute to the susceptibility to IBD in the Japanese and European populations. 相似文献
94.
Masquelier B Bhaskaran K Pillay D Gifford R Balestre E Jørgensen LB Pedersen C van der Hoek L Prins M Balotta C Longo B Kücherer C Poggensee G Ortiz M de Mendoza C Gill J Fleury H Porter K;CASCADE Collaboration 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2005,40(5):505-511
OBJECTIVES: To examine factors influencing the rate of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among seroconverters, with particular emphasis on 3 widely used genotypic drug resistance algorithms. METHODS: The study used data from CASCADE (Concerted Action on Seroconversion to AIDS and Death in Europe), a collaboration of seroconverter cohorts in Europe and Canada. Genotypic resistance data were derived within 18 months of the last seronegative test or date of laboratory evidence of acute infection and before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The Stanford algorithm was used to analyze each individual's nucleotide sequence. A multivariate logistic model was used to assess independent relationships between the presence of TDR and exposure category, sex, age at seroconversion, and year of seroconversion. The paper also describes 3 alternative definitions of resistance: the Stanford algorithm, the key resistance mutations defined by the International AIDS Society, and the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida (ANRS) algorithm. RESULTS: Forty-five of 438 patients (10.3%) seroconverting between 1987 and 2003 were infected with a drug-resistant HIV-1 variant. Forty patients (9.1%) showed resistance mutations to only 1 class of antiretroviral drugs, 2 (0.5%) to 2 classes, and 3 (0.7%) to 3 classes of antiretroviral therapy. It was suggested that individuals seroconverting later in calendar time were more likely to have TDR (relative risk 3.89 and 95% CI: 0.84 to 18.02, and relative risk 4.69 and 95% CI: 1.03 to 21.31, for 1996-1999 and 2000-2003, respectively, compared with pre-1996; P trend = 0.08). This trend was apparent regardless of the definition of TDR used. The total estimated proportion of individuals with TDR varied between 10.3% and 15.5% according to which definition was used. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence was found for the rise of TDR over time. A specific definition of what constitutes TDR rather than a simple list of mutations is needed. 相似文献
95.
Mario Arpinati Gabriella Chirumbolo Benedetta Urbini Francesca Bonifazi Giuseppe Bandini Yogen Saunthararajah Alessandra Zagnoli Marta Stanzani Sadia Falcioni Giulia Perrone Sante Tura Michele Baccarani Damiano Rondelli 《Biology of blood and marrow transplantation》2004,10(2):106-115
Human dendritic cells (DC) comprise 2 subsets-plasmacytoid CD123(+) and myeloid CD11c(+) DC-that may have distinct roles in the regulation of immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this study, we analyzed the kinetics of CD123(+) DC and CD11c(+) DC reconstitution in 31 patients who underwent transplantation with allogeneic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood (PB) stem cells from HLA-identical sibling donors after myeloablative conditioning. Lineage marker-negative HLA-DR(+) CD11c(+) CD11c(+) DC and lineage marker-negative HLA-DR(+) CD123(+) CD123(+) DC, as well as monocytes and lymphoid subsets, were enumerated in donor grafts and in the PB of patients at various time points after transplantation. Reconstitution of both CD11c(+) DC and CD123(+) DC to normal levels occurred within 6 to 12 months and was not affected by the diagnosis, preparatory regimen, or graft composition. However, PB CD11c(+) DC and CD123(+) DC counts were significantly reduced in patients with acute GVHD grade II to IV (at 1 and 3 months) and grade I (at 1 month). Patients with chronic GVHD instead showed reduced CD123(+) DC counts only 6 months after transplantation. Moreover, treatment with steroids (>0.1 mg/kg) was significantly associated with reduced PB CD11c(+) DC and CD123(+) DC counts at all time points after transplantation. In multivariate analysis, only acute GVHD affected DC reconstitution early after transplantation. These results will prompt new studies addressing whether DC reconstitution correlates with immunity against infectious agents or with graft-versus-tumor reactions after PB stem cell allotransplantation. 相似文献
96.
Many years of work, multiplex family collection and endless genotyping finally give fruit. The original aim cannot be lost. The aim is not only to identify mutations involved in susceptibility for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but to elucidate the disease pathogenesis as well. After genetics comes the biology. We review our recent findings on the genetics of lupus, provide possible mechanisms for disease susceptibility and present some facts on the problematic of identifying susceptibility mutations for complex diseases in complex human populations. 相似文献
97.
Marta Zelazko Magda Carneiro-Sampaio Monica Cornejo De Luigi Diana Garcia De Olarte Oscar Porras Madrigal Renato Berrón Perez Agueda Cabello Marylin Valentin Rostan Ricardo U. Sorensen 《Journal of clinical immunology》1998,18(2):161-166
The Latin American Group for Primary Immunodeficiencies, formed in 1993, presently includes 12 countries. One goal was to study the frequency of primary immunodeficiencies in various regions of the American continent and to enhance knowledge about these diseases among primary-care physicians, as well as allergist–immunologists. Important for this purpose was the development of a registry of primary immunodeficiencies using a uniform questionnaire and computerized database. To date, eight countries have collected information on a total of 1428 patients. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were reported in 58% of patients, followed by cellular and antibody immunodeficiencies associated with other abnormalities in 18%, immunodeficiency syndromes associated with granulocyte dysfunction in 8%, phagocytic disorders in 9%, combined cellular and antibody immunodeficiencies in 5%, and complement deficiencies in 2% of patients. The information gathered from this initial analysis of data will serve to expand the patient database to more areas within participating countries and to new countries and to increase collaboration toward better diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. 相似文献
98.
99.
BACKGROUND: The review aimed to compare the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of vasectomy techniques for male sterilization. METHODS: We searched five computerized databases and reference lists of relevant articles and book chapters for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing vasectomy techniques. Two reviewers independently extracted data from eligible articles. RESULTS: Two poor-quality trials compared vas occlusion with clips versus a conventional technique, and four poor-quality trials examined vas irrigation with water versus no irrigation or irrigation with euflavine. No significant differences regarding the primary outcome of time to azoospermia were found. However, one trial reported fewer median number of ejaculations to azoospermia with euflavine rather than water irrigation. An interim report of a high-quality trial comparing vasectomy with and without fascial interposition found more azoospermia with fascial interposition but also more surgical difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: No conclusions can be reached regarding the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of vas occlusion techniques or vas irrigation since only low-quality, underpowered studies were available. Fascial interposition had improved vasectomy success but also increased surgical difficulty. High-quality, adequately reported RCTs are required. More work is also needed in the standardization of follow-up protocols, evaluation of vasectomy success and failure, recanalization and analytical methods. 相似文献
100.
Kwapisz M Smagowicz WJ Oficjalska D Hatin I Rousset JP Zoładek T Boguta M 《Current genetics》2002,42(3):147-152
Maf1p is a negative effector of RNA polymerase III in yeast. The maf1-delta mutation caused an increase in the level of cellular tRNAs, but a decrease of translational readthrough at nonsense codons. Using the lacZ- luc dual gene reporter system, we detected an almost twofold diminution of UAA and UAG readthrough in maf1-delta compared with the parental strain. The maf1-delta mutation did not affect the rate of protein biosynthesis and growth at standard conditions, but resulted in temperature-sensitive growth on non-fermentable carbon sources. We examined the correlation of the temperature sensitive and antisuppression phenotypes of maf1- Delta using a colour phenotype assay in the ade2-1 SUP11 strain. Antisuppression, but not the temperature-sensitive growth defect, was compensated either by increased dosage of SUP11or by [PSI(+)], the prion form of the translation termination factor Sup35p. Summarizing, the elevated tRNA levels in maf1- Delta increase translational fidelity and, independently, affect growth under special conditions. 相似文献