Methotrexate for the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy: a prospective nonrandomized study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare in a prospective nonrandomized study, the efficacy of 2 methods of administering methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP): transvaginal injection under sonographic control or intramuscular injection (IM). METHODS: Patients with EP who met specific inclusion criteria for medical treatment were treated with MTX: 63 patients (group 1) were treated by IM and 47 patients (group 2) by transvaginal local injection. In group 1, 50 mg/m2 of MTX was injected intramuscularly; in group 2, transvaginal injection of 1 mg/kg of MTX was injected into the ectopic sac under sonographic control. When an additional dose of MTX was required, it was administrated IM at the dosage of 50 mg/m2 in both groups. RESULTS: The overall success rate, defined by a posttreatment normal hCG level (< 10 mUI/mL) was 71.4% in group 1 versus 91.5% in group 2 (P < 0.01); for patients with hCG levels < 2000 mUI/mL, 83% and 96%, respectively (not significant); for patients with hCG > or = 2000 mUI/mL, 37.5% and 86.4%, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In the medical treatment of EP, the efficacy of MTX is greater when administered by local transvaginal injection than by IM injection. We propose local treatment every time EP can be punctured, especially when hCG levels are > or = 2000 mUI/mL.     

Laparoscopy training in United States obstetric and gynecology residency programs.

OBJECTIVES: To assess laparoscopic training curriculums in US Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs. METHODS: A list of E-mail addresses was obtained for the accredited Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs in the US from the CREOG Directory of Obstetric-Gynecologic Residency Programs and Directors. An E-mail survey containing 8 questions regarding laparoscopy training was sent to all residency directors with current E-mail addresses. RESULTS: Seventy-four residency directors responded to the survey for a response rate of 41%. Residency programs from all sections of the US were included in the study. Results of the survey indicate that 69% of residency programs had implemented a formal laparoscopy training program. At least half of the program directors surveyed stated that lack of faculty time and funds were the main barriers to laparoscopic surgery training. Seventy-two percent of those surveyed thought that in the future the health-care industry would demand proof of competency in laparoscopy as standard of care. CONCLUSIONS: Most US Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs have implemented a formal laparoscopy training curriculum, use more than one method to train their residents, and involve almost half of their faculty on average in training residents to perform laparoscopic surgery.     

Congenital disseminated malignant rhabdoid tumor and cerebellar tumor mimicking medulloblastoma in monozygotic twins: pathologic and molecular diagnosis.

Malignant rhabdoid tumors are highly aggressive childhood tumors. Recently, all of the malignant rhabdoid tumors, whatever their location, have been related to the inactivation of the hSNF5/INI1 gene. A subset of cerebral tumors, associated with malignant rhabdoid tumors or isolated ones arising in siblings, showed similar molecular alterations. We report for the first time in monozygotic twins a congenital disseminated malignant rhabdoid tumor in one twin and a cerebellar tumor mimicking a medulloblastoma in the other. Molecular analysis revealed similar alterations for both tumors: a deletion of exon 7 of the hSNF5/INI1 gene in one allele, and a point mutation in the same exon in the other, suggesting a common genetic pathway. Analysis of constitutional DNA revealed a germline mutation. These findings are in favor of a common etiology for rhabdoid tumor and a subset of brain tumors developing in infancy.     

Incidence of coronary artery by-pass graft following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Two hundred fifty eight patients had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Of those, 48 cases underwent surgical revascularization for unsuccessful angioplasty. Sex was not a risk factor. Timely surgical revascularization reversed acute ischemia and/or myocardial infarction or limited the size of the infarction in 32 of the 48 patients or 67%. Revascularization procedures were performed in six out of forty-eight patients who had previous aortocoronary by-pass surgery and attempted PTCA, none had any complications. Death occurred in one out of forty-eight patients, or 2%. Femoral-femoral by-pass devices, in addition to intra-aortic balloon devices, should be available in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Patients with multi-vessel disease are at greater risk of angioplasty and surgery. Sixteen out of 23 patients (70%) who had emergency revascularization procedures had multi-vessel disease. In one patient with borderline renal function, emergency surgery after PTCA with a large amount of renograffin dye injected caused renal failure and led to permanent dialysis.     

Comparison of Methodologies for Calculating Quality Measures Based on Administrative Data versus Clinical Data from an Electronic Health Record System: Implications for Performance Measures

New reimbursement policies and pay-for-performance programs to reward providers for producing better outcomes are proliferating. Although electronic health record (EHR) systems could provide essential clinical data upon which to base quality measures, most metrics in use were derived from administrative claims data. We compared commonly used quality measures calculated from administrative data to those derived from clinical data in an EHR based on a random sample of 125 charts of Medicare patients with diabetes. Using standard definitions based on administrative data (which require two visits with an encounter diagnosis of diabetes during the measurement period), only 75% of diabetics determined by manually reviewing the EHR (the gold standard) were identified. In contrast, 97% of diabetics were identified using coded information in the EHR.The discrepancies in identified patients resulted in statistically significant differences in the quality measures for frequency of HbA1c testing, control of blood pressure, frequency of testing for urine protein, and frequency of eye exams for diabetic patients. New development of standardized quality measures should shift from claims-based measures to clinically based measures that can be derived from coded information in an EHR. Using data from EHRs will also leverage their clinical content without adding burden to the care process.     

Characteristics of entrainment during autodecremental atrial and ventricular stimulation

The entrainment characteristics of orthodromic circus movement tachycardias occurring during autodecremental atrial and ventricular stimulation were studied in 9 patients with manifest Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The phenomenon occurred in 34 of 38 episodes of tachycardia during autodecremental atrial stimulation. It was not seen in 4 episodes because the first impulse penetrating the circuit terminated the arrhythmia. Invariably, the HH and VV intervals were not equal to, but longer than, the stimulus-stimulus intervals, thus not fulfilling the definition of "classic" (constant cycle length) entrainment postulated by Okumura et al. Furthermore, the first 2 of the 3 diagnostic criteria were not demonstrated and the third only could be demonstrated in 7 episodes. Tachycardia termination was achieved in all 38 episodes. Entrainment occurred during autodecremental ventricular stimulation in 79 of 80 episodes, with the AA and H-H- intervals (when visible) being equal to the corresponding paced cycle lengths. Moreover, the intervals between the last paced ventricular beat and the first ventricular beat of the resumed tachycardia were invariably longer than the last stimulus-stimulus intervals. These characteristics were those which Okumura et al attributed to "concealed" entrainment. Tachycardia termination was achieved in 77 of 80 episodes. In summary: (1) autodecremental atrial pacing produced a specific form of entrainment that did not fulfill the "classic" definition of Okumura et al; (2) autodecremental ventricular pacing consistently produced "concealed" entrainment; and (3) autodecremental stimulation was very effective in terminating 115 of 118 (98%) of episodes of circus movement tachycardias.     

Outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with high-dose immunoglobulin therapy in a prospective case series

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Multidimensional analysis of the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Subjective symptoms and experiences were explored within a group of 146 severe, chronic bronchitis and emphysema patients. Eighty-nine symptoms and experiences, derived from initial interviews with 29 patients, were rated according to the frequency of occurrence during breathing difficulties. Key cluster analyses were used to derive a Bronchitis-Emphysema Symptom Checklist (BESC) measuring 11 symptom categories: Helplessness-Hopelessness, Decathexis, Fatigue, Poor Memory, Peripheral-Sensory Complaints, Dyspnea, Congestion, Sleep Difficulties, Irritability, Anxiety, and Alienation. The BESC symptom categories are highly reliable and the relationships among categories are stable across two subgroups of patients. The BESC provides one way to describe how patients cope with and experience chronic bronchitis and emphysema.