肝移植后单一拉米夫定干预下HBV再感染及其相关因素分析

目的　探讨在单一拉米夫定 (LMV)干预下乙型肝炎相关性肝病肝移植后HBV再感染的发生 ,并分析其发生的易感因素。方法　随访 1999～ 2 0 0 3年接受肝移植并采用单一LMV防治HBV再感染的 6 3例乙肝相关性肝病患者 ,术后定期进行乙肝标志物、肝功能及HBVDNA定量检测 ,调查HBV再感染发生率并采用Logistic回归分析方法就术前诊断、病毒学资料及抗病毒治疗等分析其可能的易感因素。结果　在不同时期共出现HBV再感染 17例 ;各时间段HBV再感染率分别是 :6个月内9.5 % (6 / 6 3,其中 5例术后HBV标志物一直未阴转 ) ,6个月～ 1年 13.2 % (7/ 5 3) ,1～ 2年 2 7.8% (10 /36 ) ,2～ 3年 4 1.2 % (7/ 17) ,3年以上 6 0 .0 % (3/ 5 ) ;患者术前HBVDNA阳性及长期服用LMV与术后再感染呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而术前诊断、性别、年龄及血清HBsAg和HBeAg状态与HBV再感染则未发现显著相关性。结论　单一LMV预防HBV再感染对大多数肝移植者仍有效 ,但随术后存活时间的延长HBV再感染率呈现上升 ;术前使HBVDNA阴转及建立针对LMV耐药性变异的监测对防治再感染是必要的。     

Switching to the bingeing/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa is frequently associated with suicidal attempts

OBJECTIVE: Anorexia nervosa has the highest suicide mortality ratio of psychiatric disorders, suicide being associated with many factors. We assessed the first lifetime occurrence of these factors taking into account their possible overlap. METHOD: Three hundred and four in- and out-patients with anorexia nervosa (DSM-IV) were systematically recruited in three hospitals of Paris suburbs, between December 1999 and January 2003. Patients were assessed by a face-to-face interview (DIGS). Current eating disorder dimensions were measured, and patients interviewed by a trained clinician to assess minimal BMI and, retrospectively, the age at which anorexia nervosa, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and switch to bingeing/purging type occurred for the first time, if applicable. RESULTS: Major depressive disorder (p<0.001) and subtype switch from the restrictive to the bingeing/purging type (p<0.001) were the two factors significantly more frequently occurring before suicidal attempts, and remained involved when a multivariate analysis is performed, whether syndromic or dimensional measures are being used. Taking into account lifetime occurrence with a survival analysis, the switch to bingeing/purging type of anorexia appears as a major predictive factor, with a large increase of the frequency of suicidal attempts (OR=15) when compared to patients with neither major depressive disorder nor bingeing/purging type. CONCLUSIONS: Bingeing/purging type of anorexia nervosa is largely associated with suicidal attempts, and may deserve specific attention. If confirmed on a prospectively designed study, these results would argue for early detection and/or more intensive and specific therapeutic intervention on this aspect of bingeing and purging behaviors.     

Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis due to Streptococcus constellatus infection.

Adult septic cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) due to Streptococcus constellatus infection has not been reported. We report a case of CST due to S. constellatus in a 39-year-old man who had typical presentations of septic CST including headache, fever, and ophthalmoplegia, with an evolving course for 10 days before he was sent to our emergency room. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study revealed CST, which was confirmed by cerebral angiography study. Multiple positive blood cultures grew viridans streptococci and further species identification with conventional methods, API-20 STREPT system analysis, and polymerase chain reaction sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA revealed S. constellatus. The presence of sphenoid sinusitis in this patient was also demonstrated by cranial MRI study, and the presence of meningitis by meningeal irritation signs and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. Chronic alcohol consumption for more than 10 years was the only predisposing condition to this infection. He had a full recovery after 6 weeks of intravenous penicillin G therapy (24 x 10(6) U/day). Almost complete regression of cavernous sinus lesion and resolution of sphenoid sinusitis were shown on follow-up cranial MRI study about 6 months later.     

Helicobacter pylori erradication and its relation to antibiotic resistance and CYP2C19 status]

OBJECTIVE: to assess the efficacy of rabeprazole (RPZ), amoxicillin (Am), and clarithromycin (Cla) (7 vs. 14 days) in the eradication of H. pylori, and to determine the effect of strain-specific antibiotic resistance and host CYP2C19 status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: first, we determined the CYP2C19 status of 100 healthy subjects to establish a sample size for the clinical trial. Then, 59 H. pylori-infected patients were randomized to receive RPZ (20 mg daily) plus Cla (500 mg b.d.) and Am (1,000 mg b.d.) for 7 vs. 14 days. The MIC for Am and Cla were determined using the agar dilution method. The CYP2C19 genotype was determined by the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: In the per-protocol analysis (PP) eradication rates were 89.7 and 72% for the 7- and 14-day groups (p = 0.159). In the intention to-treat analysis (ITT) eradication rates were 86.7 and 62.1% in the 7- and 14-day groups, respectively (p = 0.06).None of the strains was resistant to Am, and 4 strains were resistant to Cla: 3 (11.1%) in the 14-day group and 1 (4%) in the 7-day group. Neither strain-specific antibiotic resistance nor host CYP2C19 status influenced eradication rates. CONCLUSIONS: both 7- and 14-day therapies were effective for H. pylori eradication. Strain resistance and CYP2C19 status do not seem to influence eradication rates in the studied population.     

下颌角截骨面下部轮廓重塑的研究

目的:下颌角截骨是面型轮廓重塑中最常见的一种手术,为了提高手术的精确性,避免不必要的损伤,我们对各种下颌角截骨术操作技巧进行探讨.方法:术前进行面部测量、下颌骨曲面断层X线和头颅正侧位定位X线片投影测量,设计截骨线和去骨量,术式选择口内切口下颌角截骨术、口内切口下颌角外板矢状劈开截骨术、耳后切口下颌角截骨术、耳后和口内联合切口下颌角截骨术;结果:面下部过宽同时下颌角肥大者单纯下颌角截骨效果往往不会很理想,需要同时进行下颌角外侧骨板部分去除,减少面下部的宽度,206例术后两侧对称,效果良好;1例面瘫;2例下颌骨骨折,术中做内固定;3例下颌骨体部成角,3个月后第二手术将突出部分磨平.结论:术前测量设计下颌角截骨的术式和截骨线是十分必要的,根据下颌角肥大的不同类型选择相适应的截骨术式.     

β-防御素在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎和正常鼻黏膜中的表达

近年来研究表明，鼻黏膜及黏膜下腺体中存在大量的免疫活性细胞并分泌大量的生物活性分子，如各类白介素、溶菌酶、抑菌肽等。研究这些生物活性分子对如何提高鼻腔黏膜的防御功能及慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的防治有重要意义。人类β-防御素（human β-defensins，hBD），包括hBD-1和hBD-2是近几年发现的广泛分布于口腔、呼吸道、胃肠道、泌尿道黏膜上皮及黏膜下腺体组织的重要蛋白质分子，     

图片学习测验在识别老年人轻微认知功能损害中的作用

目的　分析图片学习测验在识别老年人轻微认知功能损害 (MCI)中的作用。方法　选择符合MCI诊断标准的老年人 4 8例与正常对照组 5 6名完成图片学习测验、简易智能状态检查、听觉词语学习测验及多种非记忆测验。结果　图片学习测验的 3个记忆指标 (图片短时记忆、延迟记忆和学习记忆 )在MCI与正常对照组之间有非常显著的差异。已经给出这三个图片记忆指标区分MCI与正常老年人的划界分、敏感性和特异性。结论　图片记忆操作简便、信度和效度好 ,可以作为临床医师筛选MCI的有效工具