C57-TgN(HBVadr2.0)SMMU小鼠血清和肝组织中HBsAg的表达模式分析

目的:分析C57-TgN(HBVadr2.0)SMMU"3号"品系转基因小鼠的月龄、性别和遗传背景与其血清和肝组织中HBsAg表达模式的关系.方法:采用血清ELISA检测和免疫组织化学的方法检测转基因小鼠血清和肝组织中HBsAg的表达,统计学方法分析转基因小鼠血清和肝组织中HBsAg的表达与小鼠的月龄、性别、遗传背景的相关性.结果:转基因小鼠在出生后1～3个月时,血清中HBsAg的表达较低或甚至不表达,8个月龄左右时最高,此后逐渐降低,但肝组织中HBsAg的表达相对稳定在较高水平,能真实反映转基因小鼠中HBsAg的表达.雄性小鼠血清和肝组织中HBsAg的表达量高于雌性小鼠(P＜0.05).转基因小鼠与C57BL/6品系、DAB品系和129s品系正常小鼠交配后的子代,其血清和肝组织中HBsAg表达量均未发生变化.血清阳性的小鼠中肝组织HBsAg阳性率为94.05%,两者呈正相关关系(r=0.257,P＜0.01).结论:C57-TgN(HBVadr2.0)SMMU"3号"品系转基因小鼠血清和肝组织中HBsAg的表达具有发育调节和性别差异.     

小肠间质瘤20例诊治分析

目的　总结小肠间质瘤诊断和治疗经验。方法　对1993—2 0 0 4年收治的2 0例小肠间质瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　临床表现为黑便、果酱样血便14例、头晕9例、贫血3例,伴腹部疼痛11例,发病时间2个月至7年。确诊方式:剖腹探查12例,腹腔镜探查6例,小肠镜检查2例;手术方式:小肠间质瘤切除18例,胰十二指肠切除术1例,肿瘤无法切除行保守治疗1例。随访6个月至9年,除1例死于脑干出血、2例长期服用甲磺酸伊马替尼(Gleevec)症状部分缓解外,其余17例均健在,间质瘤无复发。结论　小肠间质瘤预后较好,但对不明原因的消化道出血应及早探查,以避免误诊;Gleevec对晚期小肠间质瘤有较好疗效     

空回肠间质瘤13例诊治分析

目的　探讨空回肠间质瘤的诊断和治疗经验。方法　对我院 1993年 10月～ 2 0 0 4年 1月收治的有完整资料的 13例空回肠间质瘤病例进行回顾性分析 ,本组患者均经术后病理和免疫组化证实。结果　本组患者主要临床表现为消化道出血、腹痛。发病至确诊时间 2个月至 7年。剖腹探查确诊 7例 ,腹腔镜腹腔探查确诊 4例 ,术前确诊的仅 2例。随访 2个月至 9年 ,除 1例死于其它疾患外 ,余 12例均健在 ,无空回肠间质瘤复发病例发现。结论　小肠间质瘤预后甚好 ,但本病缺乏特征性的临床表现及有效的诊断手段 ,易致长期延误诊治 ;对长期不明原因的消化道出血患者 ,及早行剖腹探查或腹腔镜腹腔探查是避免小肠间质瘤长期延误诊治 ,改善患者预后的关键     

正电子放射性药物自动分装注射系统的设计与测试

目的 设计研发新型正电子放射性药物自动分装注射系统,以实现精准药物活度注射,简化注射流程,降低职业照射。方法 选择钨合金作为屏蔽材料,采用基于单片机控制步进电机驱动技术,设计机械驱动模块、管路系统、控制软件。制作设备及相关配套装置。测量防护效能和性能。结果 自动分装注射放射性药物时间约60 s,设备50次稳定性测试空白试验的成功率100%。系统整体注射活度的分装误差≤3%;设备箱体屏蔽40 mmPb,台面屏蔽60 mmPb,隔离防护屏蔽15 mmPb,内置钨合金原液罐50 mmPb。距离运行中设备30 cm处平均剂量率为1.44 μSv/h。操作人员肢端辐射剂量较使用注射器防护套注射操作降低99%以上。结论 自动分装注射系统操作简便,分装精度高,重复性好,防护安全,达到设计功能和放射防护要求。     

喉鳞状细胞癌组织中缺氧诱导因子-1和人表皮生长因子受体2的表达

目的:检测喉鳞状细胞癌(喉鳞癌)组织中缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)蛋白的表达。方法:采用免疫组化法检测78例喉鳞癌组织和23例癌旁正常组织中HIF-1、HER-2蛋白的表达,分析二者与临床病理参数的关系。结果:喉鳞癌组织中HIF-1、HER-2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为71.8%、80.8%,均高于癌旁正常组织(30.4%,34.8%,χ2=12.947和17.990,P均<0.05);HIF-1、HER-2蛋白的表达与组织分化程度、颈淋巴结转移及临床分期均有关(P<0.05)。喉鳞癌组织中HIF-1和HER-2蛋白的表达正关联(rP=0.385,P<0.001)。结论:HIF-1和HER-2蛋白可能在喉鳞癌的发生、分化和转移中起协同作用。     

老年性痴呆康复评定软件的建立及信度效度检验

目的：编制一个适合我国老年人的老年性痴呆评定软件。方法：①参考简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）及Demtect等老年性痴呆评价工具,建立老年性痴呆康复评定系统初始量表,制成软件（简称初始量表）量表考评。应用初始量表对杭州市区范围内的294例老年人进行测试,应用测试结果对量表进行信度、效度检验并与MESS量表比较。结果：初始量表Cronbach’sα系数为0.618,Spearman-Brown分半信度为0.797,重测信度中单个测量ICC为0.247,平均测量ICC为0.798,表明量表具有较好的信度;运用具有Kaiser标准化的正交旋转法加以旋转,KMO指数为0.798,Bartlett球形检验统计量χ2为437.518（P〈0.01）,说明变量间密切相关,数据适合进行因子分析。因素分析表明,老年性痴呆早期筛选包括2个因子,总体方差64.531%,表明结构效度较高。与MESS量表比较,初始量表灵敏度较高,两两比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.046〈0.05）。结论：本文的初始量表的信度、效度指标较好,可为我国老年性痴呆早期筛选的研究提供有效评价工具。     

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and One‐Year Outcome in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

Background: Although opiate use may be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is not clear whether PTSD is associated with retention in methadone maintenance. Objectives: To evaluate among those receiving methadone maintenance at an urban methadone maintenance clinic the frequency of life‐time traumatic experiences, the predictors and prevalence of current PTSD, and whether PTSD affects retention at 1 year. Methods: Eighty‐nine people participated in the study. The Post Traumatic Diagnostic Scale was used to determine the prevalence of PTSD. The Life Stressor Checklist Revised was used to evaluate trauma history. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between demographic characteristics, substance use, trauma‐related variables, and PTSD. Similar logistic regression analyses were used to examine retention in methadone maintenance at 1 year. Results: The mean number of reported lifetime stressful events was 8.0 (SD = 3.7). Twenty‐seven percent were diagnosed with PTSD. Nearly 92% of those with PTSD had co‐occurring depressive symptoms. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR][95% CI]; 3.89 [1.07–14.01]), number of traumatic events (AOR [95% CI]; 1.34 [1.13–1.61]), and less education (AOR [95% CI]; 4.13 [1.14–14.98]) were significantly associated with PTSD. Those with a toxicology positive screen were 80% less likely to remaine in methadone maintenance at 1 year (OR [95% CI]; 0.20 [0.07–0.52]). PTSD diagnosis was not significantly associated with treatment retention at 1 year (OR [95% CI]; 0.61 [0.23–1.64]). Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Future studies are needed to determine if treatment of PTSD that is integrated into methadone maintenance programs may impact continued substance abuse use and thereby improve retention in care. (Am J Addict 2012;21:524–530)     

Realizing or Relinquishing Rights? Homeless Youth,Their Life on the Streets and Their Knowledge and Experience of Health and Social Services in Hillbrow,South Africa

Poverty and youth unemployment are critical issues in South Africa with homeless persons begging at traffic light intersections in all major cities. Support services represent one way of empowering homeless youth. The study therefore examined the experiences of 10 homeless young adult males in Hillbrow, Johannesburg and whether they were aware of local health and social services. Qualitative interviews revealed that participants experienced poor health, addiction, physical violence, psychological trauma, and public hostility. Despite limited education, they were aware of and utilized local health and social services. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for social work.     

Children's health care: Book and media reviews

Let's Remember Corky, Fine, Polly Delson, Shaker Heights, Ohio, 1981. Paperback, unpaged, $4.75.

The Tenth Good Thing about Barney, Viorst, Judith, Hartford, Atheneum, 1971. Paperback, 20 pages, illustrated by Erik Blegvad.

Jasper Enters the Hospital, 16½ mins., The Day of Jasper's Operation, 13½ mins., Wellness: It's Not Magic, 15 mins., Video Cassettes‐ 16 mm. Available from: Kids Corner, 2027 North Tejon Street, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907, (303) 475–2499.

First Do No Harm, produced by Pierce Atkins Corporation, 45 mins., S400 (purchase), S45 (daily rental). Distributed by Children's Hospital National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20010.

Pediatric Diagnostic Procedures With Guidelines for Preparing Children for Clinical Tests, Droske, Susan C. and Francis, Sally A. Toronto, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1981.

The Children's Medical Series ‐ a series of eight videotapes with Susan Linn and her puppets.