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31.
Janet R. Hankin James J. Sloan Ira J. Firestone Joel W. Ager Robert J. Sokol Susan S. Martier Joyce Townsend 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1993,17(2):428-430
This article presents data on the awareness of the alcohol beverage warning label among a sample of 5,169 inner city African-American gravidas seeking prenatal care. While the label law was implemented in November 1989, a significant increase in knowledge of the label did not occur until March 1990. Women who predominantly consumed wine coolers and beer, and those under age 30 were more likely to know about the label than their counterparts. 相似文献
32.
C P van Schayck Mark L Levy Joyce C Chen Sharon Isonaka R J Halbert 《Primary care respiratory journal》2004,13(4):218-221
AIMS: To present an age-stratified approach to the diagnosis of obstructive lung disease based on asthma and COPD guidelines and epidemiology. METHODS: Asthma guidelines emphasize the role of the history and physical examination, with pulmonary function used primarily to confirm the diagnosis. COPD guidelines begin with symptoms and risk exposure, presenting spirometry as the primary diagnostic maneuver. Data from the National Health Interview Survey and the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey illustrate relationships in prevalence of asthma and COPD in nationally representative samples. RESULTS: Asthma prevalence in adults declines with age from 5-10% at age 20-40 to 4-8% above age 60. COPD is uncommon in adults under age 40 but increases with age, surpassing asthma in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: These trends suggest that asthma screening is most useful in adults up to age 40, after which COPD screening and differential diagnosis are of comparable or greater utility. 相似文献
33.
A large proportion of stroke survivors have to deal with problems in mobility. Proper evaluations must be undertaken to understand the sensorimotor impairments underlying locomotor disorders post stroke, so that evidence-based interventions can be developed. The current electrophysiological, biomechanical, and imagery evaluations that provide insight into locomotor dysfunction post stroke, as well as their advantages and limitations, are reviewed in this paper. In particular, electrophysiological evaluations focus on the contrast of electromyographic patterns and integrity of spinal reflex pathways during perturbed and unperturbed locomotion between persons with stroke and healthy individuals. At a behavioral level, biomechanical evaluations that include temporal distance factors, kinematic and kinetic analyses, as well as the mechanical energy and metabolic cost, are useful when combined with electrophysiological measures for the interpretation of gait disturbances that are related to the control of the central nervous system or secondary to biomechanical constraints. Finally, current methods in imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation can provide further insight into cortical control of locomotion and the integrity of the corticospinal pathways. 相似文献
34.
The experiment investigated the effects in healthy volunteers of a single dose of temazepam (30 mg, oral) on effortful and automatic processing, by measuring memory for information and its context. Effortful processing was impaired, as shown by significant impairments in free recall of an 18-item list, but automatic processing was spared, as evidenced by no impairments in recall of the frequency of presentation, the colour, size or form of the items. In a second task, temazepam significantly impaired both recognition and recency memory of 30 items, although these scores were not correlated. Temazepam caused significant sedation, measured by an objective test and by subjective ratings, but this did not correlate with the memory impairments. The pattern of results is discussed with reference to the hypothesis that the memory impairments resulting from benzodiazepines are due to a reduction in information processing resources and thus affect effortful processing more than automatic processing. 相似文献
35.
Organization of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in human striatum: receptor autoradiographic studies in Huntington's disease and schizophrenia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The technique of quantitative autoradiography was used to examine the effects of Huntington's disease (HD) and schizophrenia on the organization of striatal dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors. Whereas the striatum of HD cases showed a reduction in the density of D1 ([3H]SCH 23390) and D2 ([3H]spiroperidol) receptors, the patterning of D2 receptor loss did not match that of the D1 receptor loss. The HD loss of D1 D1 receptors (65%) is far greater than the loss of D2 receptors (28%). Whereas there was a dorsal-ventral gradient of effect on both receptor subtypes, the effects of HD on D2 receptors in the ventral putamen (PUT) and nucleus accumben septi (NAS) were minimal. Similarly, muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors demonstrate different patterns of alteration in HD. The M2 subtype, labeled with [3H]N-methylscopolamine (in the presence of excess pirenzepine to occlude M1 sites), was depleted far more than the M1 receptor subtype, labeled with [3H]pirenzepine. Although the effects of HD on [3H]mazindol labeling of DA terminals were more heterogeneous, there appeared to be a relative preservation of this afferent input to the striatum of the HD cases. In the schizophrenic cases, our autoradiographic studies confirm previous reports of an elevation of D2 receptor density in the striata of many schizophrenics. This increase was evident even though two of the three cases were known to have not been treated with neuroleptics, and the third case may also have been drug naive. However, the increase was far greater in the NAS (164%) and ventral PUT (173%) than more dorsally in the striatum (68%). The density of D1 receptors and DA terminals labeled with [3H]mazindol in the striatum of schizophrenics was not significantly different from that of control cases. Thus in both HD and schizophrenia, the ratio of D2/D1 receptors is altered in favor of the D2 population, particularly in the NAS. 相似文献
36.
Lucia Carvalho Monica Lipay Francisco Belfort Ivan Santos Joyce Andrade Alessandra Haddad Flavia Brunstein Lydia Ferreira 《Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery》2006,59(9):961-968
BACKGROUND: Telomerase activity (TA) is believed to play a role in the regulation of senescence and to limit the number of cell divisions. The deregulation of telomerase appears to contribute to oncogenesis and the formation of immortal cell lines. As a result, it is believed that it could be used as a prognostic marker in melanoma. METHODS: TA was assayed by the polymerase chain reaction PCR-ELISA-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP assay). One hundred and eight samples were distributed in four histological groups: 30 samples from primary cutaneous melanomas, 24 from peritumoural skin sites, 28 from benign melanocytic lesions, and 26 from normal skin sites as a control. RESULTS: TA was different among the four tested groups (Kruskall-Wallis test p<0.001), and increasing values of TA were observed progressing from normal skin to benign and then to malignant lesions. Among melanoma samples, there was a significant association between TA and ulceration (p=0.025), TA and vascular invasion (p=0.018) and TA and mitotic rate (p=0.029) (Mann-Whitney test). A linear regression analysis showed significant associations between the increase of TA with Breslow thickness (p=0.004) and the presence of satellites (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that TA had increased from control skin to peritumoural skin, and then to benign melanocytic lesions and finally to melanoma, suggesting tumour progression. TA showed higher values in the presence of some important histopathologic parameters related to poor prognosis in cutaneous melanoma such as ulceration, vascular invasion, satellites, high rates of mitosis, and in thicker tumours. 相似文献
37.
38.
Harry B. Skinner Agnes S. Kim Joyce H. Keyak C. D. Mote 《Journal of orthopaedic research》1994,12(4):553-563
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of implantation of porous-coated anatomic medullary fitting prostheses on stress in the proximal femur. Three-dimensional finite element models of a cadaveric femur before and after implantation were used to evaluate the resulting changes in stress in the bone. Models of the femur were generated automatically from computed tomographic scan data with use of an innovative mesh-generation technique. The models were analyzed for three levels of porous coating (proximal, 5/8, and full), with the assumption of ideal ingrowth (perfect bonding) over porous areas and a frictionless, tension-free surface on smooth areas. All models were loaded and restrained to represent conditions of normal gait. The stresses predicted in the implanted femur are consistent with clinical observations of proximal cortical atrophy (normal stress reduced to 6-9% of normal at the calcar and 50–55% at mid-prosthesis) and of hypertrophy at the porous coating junctions (normal stress at the 5/8-coating junction, 123% of stress proximal to the junction) and hypertrophy near the distal tip of the prosthesis (anterior and posterior normal stresses 200–800% of normal). The fully coated prosthesis induced stresses in the bone near the tip of the prosthesis that were most like stresses in the normal femur (medial and lateral normal stress 105 and 102% of the stress in the normal femur). Below the collar, the normal stress associated with the proximally coated prosthesis was 6% greater than that produced with the other two levels of coating but still was only 2% of normal. The 5/8-coated prosthesis appeared to combine the worst features of the fully coated and proximally coated prostheses–greater stress-shielding at the calcar and higher stress near the tip of the prosthesis. 相似文献
39.
Background. Paragangliomas of the head and neck are slow-growing tumors that originate from neural crest cells. Between 7% and 9% of these tumors have a familial occurrence. The suspected gene for familial paragangliomas (FP) is transmitted with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance, and appears to exhibit genomic imprinting. It has been demonstrated by family studies that individuals who inherit the gene(s) from their father will develop the disease. Through linkage analysis, the gene(s) for FP has been postulated to be located on the long arm of chromosome 11. The discovery of many different genes has been elucidated through the cytogenetic analysis of affected individuals who carry specific chromosome aberrations. This project was designed to look for chromosome abnormalities in several second-generation family members to further assist in the localization of the gene(s) for FP. Methods. This study involved the cytogenetic evaluation of lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and tumor cells of several second-generation family members from a three-generation family with FP of the head and neck to look for chromosome abnormalities generally, and for abnormalities of chromosome 11 specifically. Standard cytogenetic techniques were used for lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures. Tumor cells were cultured in a collagen matrix with F12 medium supplemented with 3% L-glutamine and 10% fetal calf serum. Results. There were no detectable abnormalities of chromosome 11 in any of the cells. However, nonrandom abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and 7 were seen in some of the tumor cells of one FP patient. To our knowledge, this is the first article which demonstrated the ability to successfully culture FP of the head and neck. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
40.
Joyce Pittman 《Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing》2007,34(4):412-5; quiz 416-7
The population is aging, and advanced age is commonly identified as a risk factor for delayed wound healing. Therefore, it is important for WOC nurses to be knowledgeable about how aging affects the wound healing and repair process, and strategies they can use to promote healing in the elderly population. Impaired wound healing in the aged is due partly to comorbidities common among the elderly, but evidence also suggests that inherent differences in cellular structure and function may impair tissue repair and regeneration as well. This article will address the effect of aging on wound healing, with a particular focus on processes of cellular senescence and related factors hypothesized to result in slowed or impaired wound healing in the elderly. 相似文献