Lung bullae and pulmonary fibrosis associated with marijuana smoking

A 26‐year‐old man with a history of heavy marijuana and minimal tobacco use was found to have extensive bilateral lung bullae and interstitial fibrosis, heavily infiltrated by pigmented macrophages. These features can be associated with marijuana smoking. The differential diagnoses in this patient are also discussed.     

p53 Codon 72 polymorphism predicts the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Recent studies have highlighted that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism plays a crucial role in modulating wild-type p53 apoptotic capacity, and as such may influence the response to chemotherapy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the p53 codon 72 polymorphism might influence pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: One hundred and ten operable breast cancer patients received anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and p53 codon 72 polymorphism status was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The distribution of initial clinical stage, tumor size, estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor status, menopausal status, or erbB2 expression was not significantly different among the polymorphic variants. However, we found that only 13% (3 of 23) of patients with the Pro/Pro variant had a good pathologic response, defined as a complete pathologic response or minimal residual disease. In comparison, 40% (22 of 55) or 37.5% (12 of 32) of patients with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant had a good pathologic response (P = 0.019). Moreover, patients with the Pro/Pro variant were more likely to have a positive axillary lymph node status than those with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant (P = 0.007). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, p53 codon 72 polymorphism was found to be a strong predictor of pathologic response (odds ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval, 1.4-31.2; P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that breast cancer patients with the Pro/Pro variant may be less sensitive to anthracycline-based treatment than those with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant and suggests that analysis of p53 codon 72 polymorphism may provide a simple predictive marker for selecting the right breast cancer patients to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinical setting.     

磷酸氟达拉滨的HPLC测定

目的:建立用HPLC测定磷酸氟达拉滨的方法.方法:采用YMG ODS-AQ色谱柱,梯度洗脱法,A泵用0.68%的KH2PO4的水溶液(用磷酸调pH至3.0),B泵为50%(V/V)乙腈水溶液,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为263 nm.结果:磷酸氟达拉滨在10～80μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为99.6%,RSD=0.5%(n=5).结论:该方法准确、可靠,灵敏度高,重复性好.     

轻身减肥片质量标准的研究

目的:建立轻身减肥片(黄芪、大黄、菌陈、丹参、山楂等)的质量标准.方法:对黄芪、大黄、菌陈、丹参、山楂等组分进行薄层色谱鉴别.采用高效液相色谱法对方中君药大黄中大黄素和大黄酚进行含量测定;结果:薄层图谱斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰.大黄素、大黄酚平均加样回收率分别为100.3%、100.5%,RSD分别为1.5%、1.6%.结论:方法准确,方法重复性好,可作为该制剂的质量控制指标.     

158例胸部手术患者抗菌药物应用调查与分析

本文采用回顾性调查方法,将2002年1月～2003年9月胸部手术病历调出,对其使用抗菌药物的品种,用药频度,相关费用,联合用药,手术类型,切口愈合等情况进行分析评价.结果表明,158例胸部手术患者抗菌药物使用率达100%,涉及7个类别35种;联用抗菌药物达138例,人均使用抗菌药费为2587.75元,总药费与抗菌药费之比为1:0.38;平均疗程为32.28天;术后抗菌药物疗程明显偏长,联用比率偏高,有必要规范抗菌药物的应用.     

紫苏子油-β-环糊精包合物的制备研究

目的:对紫苏子油-β-环糊精包合物的制备工艺及其性能进行研究。方法:采用正交试验研究制备工艺,利用同步热分析仪对产物的性能进行表征,获得了脱包曲线研究产物的稳定性。结果:通过正交试验及其数据分析,确定制备紫苏子油-β-环糊精包合物的最优工艺为A3B2C1D2和A3B2C3D2,紫苏子油与环糊精的比例对包合率、收率的影响较大;TGA曲线和DSC曲线证明了包合物的生成,显示经过包合后热稳定性增强;脱包曲线显示包合物脱包速率降低,稳定性增强。结论:紫苏子油-β-环糊精包合物的差热、热重和脱包性质,以及包合反应的最佳工艺为紫苏子油的微粉化和制剂的研究、开发提供了依据。     

环磷酰胺致脑血管痉挛

患者女,54岁。因左乳浸润性导管癌,于2005年4月18日行乳腺切除根治术,术后恢复良好。既往无脑血管病史,无药物过敏史。5月3日开始化疗,当天给药:环磷酰胺1.0g,表柔比星50mg,地塞米松5mg,百宏100ml,静脉滴注。静滴约1.5h,患者出现严重头痛、头晕、颈部不能转动、呕吐等症状,当即停止用药。第二天症状仍无缓解,随即作脑彩超,检查结果:脑基底动脉、椎动脉血管痉挛,之后又作脑CT等相关检查,排除脑血管痉挛的其他因素。5d后症状缓解,脑彩超结果:血管恢复正常。于5月10日重新化疗,此次用长春瑞宾替代环磷酰胺,其它药物未改变,没有发生上述反应。…     

氟罗沙星治疗细菌性感染的药物经济学研究

目的:评价氟罗沙星和氧氟沙星治疗细菌性感染的经济性.方法:治疗组患者35例,使用氟罗沙星0.3 g,静脉滴注,1次/d共10.5 d;对照组患者32例,使用氧氟沙星0.3 g,静脉滴注,2次/d,共10.5 d.运用药物经济学的成本-效果分析方法进行评价.结果:2种方案的成本-效果比(C/E)分别为22.87,20.43,效果(以有效率表示)分别为91%,84%(P＞0.05).结论:氧氟沙星经济性最佳,氟罗沙星市场价格太贵,建议厂商重新考虑市场的药品定价策略.     

Gender-specific gene expression in post-mortem human brain: localization to sex chromosomes.

Gender differences in brain development and in the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression have been reported. Gender differences in human brain might be related to patterns of gene expression. Microarray technology is one useful method for investigation of gene expression in brain. We investigated gene expression, cell types, and regional expression patterns of differentially expressed sex chromosome genes in brain. We profiled gene expression in male and female dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum using the Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray platform. Differentially expressed genes between males and females on the Y chromosome (DBY, SMCY, UTY, RPS4Y, and USP9Y) and X chromosome (XIST) were confirmed using real-time PCR measurements. In situ hybridization confirmed the differential expression of gender-specific genes and neuronal expression of XIST, RPS4Y, SMCY, and UTY in three brain regions examined. The XIST gene, which silences gene expression on regions of the X chromosome, is expressed in a subset of neurons. Since a subset of neurons express gender-specific genes, neural subpopulations may exhibit a subtle sexual dimorphism at the level of differences in gene regulation and function. The distinctive pattern of neuronal expression of XIST, RPS4Y, SMCY, and UTY and other sex chromosome genes in neuronal subpopulations may possibly contribute to gender differences in prevalence noted for some neuropsychiatric disorders. Studies of the protein expression of these sex-chromosome-linked genes in brain tissue are required to address the functional consequences of the observed gene expression differences.     

Effects of GM-CSF, IL-3, and GM-CSG/IL-3 fusion protein on apoptosis of human myeloid leukemic cell line Tf-1 induced by irradiation

AIM: To observe the effects of three cytokines on the apoptosis of Tf-1 cells induced by y irradiation and investigate the relationship between apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. METHODS: Different cytokines GM-CSF, IL-3 and GM-CS/IL-3 fusion protein were added into the irradiated Tf-1 cells. MTT assay, morphology, flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation assay were used to observe the effects of cytokines on apoptosis. The caspase-3 activity was determined with a fluorocytometer. RESULTS: Irradiated Tf-1 cells showed typical morphological characteristic of apoptosis demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and were accumulated in G0/G1 phase. In the groups treated with growth factors after irradiation, three cytokines significantly increased the viability rate, distinctly decreased the apoptosis rate and the proportion of DNA fragmentation. When Tf-1 cells were irradiated by y