In vitro reversal MDR of human carcinoma cell line by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-doxorubicin conjugate.

A conjugate of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) covalently linked with deoxorubicin (DOX) was synthesized. Its properties and antitumour activity in human carcinoma DOX resistant cells (KB-A-1) were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the conjugate was strongly stable both in Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and in culture medium. The intracellular concentration of the conjugate was higher than that of the AS DON by HPLC analysis. The conjugate showed potent dose-dependent inhibition to the growth of KB-A-1 cells. Chemosensitivity of KB-A-1 cells to DOX was also investigated in vitro. When the cells were first exposed to the conjugate (0.5 microM) and then exposed to DOX for 24 h, the IC50 value of DOX decreased from 21.5 to 2.2 microM. In contrast, when treated with the mixture of the same concentration of the AS ODN with equivalent DOX, the IC50 value of DOX was 16.8 microM. Intracellular DOX concentration was detected in KB-A-1 treatment with the conjugate in vitro by HPLC. The results showed that the intracellular DOX concentration was 6.4-fold increased in KB-A-1 cells treated with the conjugate compared to treatment with DOX alone. In contrast, 1.8-fold increasing was observed when treated with the AS ODN. Western blot analysis showed a significantly decrease in the amount of P-glycoprotein in KB-A-1 cells. These results suggest that the conjugate is effective in reversing multidrug resistance. Certainly, further studies are conducting to explore the antitumour effect of the conjugate in vivo.     

大龄腭裂患者的手术治疗方法与语音治疗效果的对比研究

目的 对单纯行裂隙关闭术和同期行咽后壁咽成形术的大龄腭裂患者,术前、术后发音效果进行检测分析和对比研究,评定手术的治疗效果.方法 对24例同期行腭裂关闭术及咽后壁组织瓣咽成形术治疗和12例单纯行裂隙关闭术的大龄腭裂患者,术前、术后用鼻咽纤维镜检测其腭咽闭合情况,应用通用音频谱分析系统,对本组术后患者腭裂语音进行声学分析.结果 所有腭裂修复术后,创口均达到临床Ⅰ期愈合,语音也有不同程度改善.大龄腭裂患者采用腭裂关闭及同期咽成形术的修复组,术后发音明显优于单纯行裂隙关闭组.结论 大龄腭裂患者,采用腭裂关闭及同期咽成形术,是提高腭咽闭合和改善发音较好的手术方法.     

改良开放性手术治疗巨大良性前列腺增生症

目的探讨巨大良性前列腺增生症的开放性手术治疗方法及效果。方法回顾分析16例巨大良性前列腺增生症,年龄61~88岁,平均74岁。作耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术。结果手术均成功;手术时间35~65min,出血量100~200mL,术后前列腺重量为200~520g,平均215g;膀胱冲洗2~3d,拔导尿管5~7d;术后3d再出血1例,经DSA同侧髂内血管栓塞止血成功,排尿困难1例,短期尿失禁1例,其余患者术后均排尿通畅,控尿良好。结论开放性手术治疗巨大良性前列腺增生症,其梗阻解除彻底,是一种合理的治疗方法。恰当的手术方法是提高疗效及降低并发症的关键。     

弥漫性轴索损伤病人的护理

弥漫性轴索损伤 (DAI) ,在脑损伤中发生率高 ,病死率高 ,占脑外伤死亡病人总数的 3 5 %。全部DAI病人中植物生存率为 15 % ,重残 14 % [1] 。为了降低病死率 ,提高病人的生存质量 ,现将 1999年 1月— 2 0 0 2年 1月我院收治的 5 5例DAI昏迷病人的护理体会总结如下。1　临床资料　　本组 5 5例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 17例 ,年龄 6岁～ 68岁 ,平均 40 .9岁。格拉斯哥 (GLS)计分均 <8分 ,其中评分为 3分～ 5分的特重型病人 3 2例。致伤原因 :车祸 44例 ,高处坠落 8例 ,打击伤 3例。 5 5例病人中有 17例因合并颅内血肿而行开颅手术 ,其他病人为保…     

Inhibitory effects of benzoate on chiral inversion and clearance of N(G)-nitro-arginine in conscious rats.

N(G)-nitro-arginine (NNA) is known to exhibit stereoselective pharmacokinetics in which N(G)-nitro-d-arginine (d-NNA) has a faster clearance rate than N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) in anesthetized rats, and d-NNA undergoes unidirectional chiral inversion. It was postulated that chiral inversion of d-NNA was performed in a two-step pathway by d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) followed by an unidentified transaminase. Such chiral inversion contributes (at least partially) to the pharmacokinetic stereoselectivity of NNA. This study used the selective inhibitor of DAAO, sodium benzoate, to test the above hypothesis. An i.v. bolus injection of d-NNA (32 mg/kg) and l-NNA (16 mg/kg) in conscious rats exhibited biphasic disposition with different pharmacokinetic parameters in a stereospecific manner (approximately 5-10-fold differences). Unidirectional chiral inversion of d-NNA but not l-NNA was found from these animals. In addition to its similar inhibitory effects on the d-NNA conversion and DAAO activity in kidney homogenates, sodium benzoate completely blocked chiral inversion of d-NNA and led to a smaller stereospecific difference, reflected by a nearly 50% reduction of d-NNA clearance and a 2-fold increase in t(1/2) and area under the curve of d-NNA in benzoate-pretreated rats. The results suggest that DAAO plays an essential role in chiral inversion of d-NNA and chiral inversion contributes mostly to the pharmacokinetic stereospecificity of NNA.     

Cardiac imaging in the evaluation of patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain

Conclusions  Despite the utility and benefits that each imaging modality has to offer, it is easy to see why there is still no perfect choice for a noninvasive cardiac imaging modality to assist in the management of chest pain patients. All of the current imaging techniques have their own significant strengths and weaknesses when compared with other modalities. SPECT and echocardiography are wellestablished technologies that can directly assess the presence of myocardial ischemia and its functional consequence on RF; newer and more expensive techniques such as MDCT and CMR can directly assess coronary anatomy and have just started to be evaluated in the acute chest pain setting. There are no studies that directly compare these technologies, and more data are clearly needed before the question of whether anatomic imaging versus perfusion/function imaging is the better approach can be answered. Other comparisons such as relative safety, availability, logistics, and cost-effectiveness between the various technologies are also lacking. Of all of the imaging modalities discussed, MCE is the only portable technology. The images do not require expensive software or other technology for offline processing before interpretation, and any trained cardiologist can read the study at the bedside or, potentially, over the Internet, providing near-instantaneous results in the acute cardiac setting, where time is of the essence. MCE is also relatively cheap compared with other technologies, a potential advantage for payors but not necessarily for payees. How reimbursement rates and fee structures eventually affect clinical practice is also unknown. Despite these and other questions that need to be answered before any one technique will be used exclusively, the future of noninvasive cardiac imaging remains an exciting and ever-changing field. The adaptation of any one of these techniques into its proper role in the ED Journal of Nuclear Cardiology Wyrick and Wei 753 Volume 13, Number 6;749-55 Cardiac imaging in patients with chest pain will take considerably more time and effort in terms of research, money, and time-tested clinical experience.     

泰素蒂加顺铂治疗进展期NSCLC的临床研究

目的观察泰素蒂加顺铂方案治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效、毒副作用。方法收集可评价疗效的进展期非小细胞肺癌50例,以泰素蒂加顺铂方案进行化疗,泰素蒂75 mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天;顺铂25 mg/m2～30 mg/m2静脉滴注,第2天～第5天,每3周为一个周期,2～3周期后评价疗效和毒副反应并随访。结果50例患者中,总有效率为50.0 %,其中初治病例为53.1 %,复治病例为44.4 %,初复治病例间差异无显著性(P >0.05)。中位缓解期为5个月。中位生存期为9.5个月,1年生存率为61.0 %。毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制,白细胞下降达Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度者52.0 %,血小板下降达Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度者为14.0 %。血红蛋白下降不严重。其他毒副反应还有脱发、过敏反应、水钠潴留、静脉炎、末梢神经炎、口腔炎、腹泻等,但发生率均较低。结论泰素蒂加顺铂方案治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌,特别是复发病例,临床疗效比较满意,毒副反应能够耐受。辅以G蛳CSF可防治重度的骨髓抑制,有较好的临床应用价值。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的　总结和评价经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术对前列腺癌诊断的准确率。方法　222 例直肠指检阳性或 PSA>4μg/L的患者应用经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点系统穿刺活检以明确诊断。结果　222 例受检者中病理证实前列腺结节性增生41例、前列腺炎24例、前列腺肉瘤3例、前列腺癌 154 例,其中低分化癌 74 例、中分化癌 58 例、高分化癌 22 例。术后血尿15例、发热6例,其中高热1例,经抗生素治疗后体温恢复正常、尿检阴性。结论　经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检无需麻醉,患者痛苦小、安全性高,是诊断前列腺癌的可靠方法。     

沙培林增强人腹腔巨噬细胞抗癌免疫功能的研究

目的:探讨腹腔内注射沙培林增强人腹腔抗癌免疫功能的机制。方法:72例早中期胃肠道肿瘤患者术前48h和24h腹腔内分别注射生理盐水和5KE的沙培林,术中采集腹腔内巨噬细胞,计数并测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性,巨噬细胞吞噬活力,一氧化氮(NO)的分泌以及对人胃癌MKN1细胞的细胞毒性进行分析。同时采集大网膜,对大网膜乳斑的数量和面积进行观察。结果:沙培林显著增加腹腔巨噬细胞(PMΦ)的数量和NO的分泌,增强LDH和ACP的活性,吞噬活力,以及抗癌细胞毒性,也显著增加了大网膜乳斑的数量和面积。结论:腹腔内注射沙培林可显著增加人大网膜乳斑的数量和面积,并因此增加PMΦ的数量,增强PMΦ的活性。因而增强了腹腔巨噬细胞的免疫功能。     

原发性软骨肉瘤CT诊断2例

软骨肉瘤的X线诊断已有较多研究,但软骨肉瘤的CT诊断较少研究,为此,提供经穿刺活检病理证实的软骨肉瘤2例,以提高对软骨肉瘤的CT诊断水平。病例1男,52岁。左肩关节疼痛、活动受限10年余,加重半年。查体:左肩关节活动受限、僵直,不能抬举。实验室检查:碱性磷酸酶增高。CT表现:左肱骨、干骺端骨质破坏,病变上下连续约6·0cm,中心呈大囊状,周围呈小囊状,破坏区中见1·5cm×1·5cm的不规则高密度灶,肱骨外侧骨皮质不连续,向周围软组织侵犯,形成软组织肿块,肿块内钙化灶呈斑块状。无骨膜反应,肩关节间隙可,关节面未见侵犯(图1)。CT诊断:①左…