限制饮食和大脑健康(英文)

限制饮食对健康和老化的益处已经逐渐被大家所认识。本文从学习、记忆、突触可塑性、神经再生等神经功能方面,回顾了最近有关限制饮食的基础及临床研究。目前认为限制饮食在神经功能方面发挥多种作用,其中较令人满意的解释是限制饮食作为一种应激原,能诱导机体内有利环境的形成。这个环境有利于促进神经可塑性,提高认知功能,刺激神经细胞再生和调节炎症反应。此外,许多分子包括热休克蛋白、神经营养因子、沉默调节蛋白1(SIRT1)等均参与了限制饮食对机体的保护作用。鉴于完全和长时间的限制饮食在人类实施的困难性,一些限制饮食模型的替代物开始被大家所重视。本文也对限制饮食模型的替代物的研究进行了分析和探讨。     

Minimum practicable and acceptable infection control recommendations for dental practice in Nigeria

The advent of HIV/aids has led to a renewed interest in infection control and occupational safety in dentistry. The full implementation of "Universal Precautions" to prevent cross-infection of HIV, hepatitis B, and other blood borne pathogens would have a heavy financial implication on developing countries like Nigeria which are faced with the arduous problem of coping with scarce resources. Dentistry is bound to cost more when effective infection control is practised. This paper therefore proposes recommendations for minimum, practicable and acceptable infection control standards which are not only cost effective but also attainable.     

Ovarian Masses: Changing Clinico Histopathological Trends

Objective

To study the clinical and histopathological presentation of ovarian masses.

Method

Retrospective analysis of 205 cases from May 2009 to June 2013.

Results

Incidence of ovarian masses was 6.9 %. Among 205 cases, 68 % were neoplastic. Among the neoplasms, 87.8 % were benign, 10 % malignant, and 2.2 % borderline. Mean ages of malignant and benign neoplasm were 41 and 39 years, respectively. 42.9 % malignant tumors presented with non-specific abdominal and constitutional symptoms. Serous cystadenoma was the commonest benign tumor (67 %) followed by Mucinous (19 %) and Dermoid (11.6 %). Most common malignant ovarian tumor was Serous cystadenocarcinoma (42.9 %). Out of the malignant cases, all were primary except one secondary deposit from Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Only 28.6 % presented at stage I, remaining presented at stage III/IV.

Conclusion

Ovarian neoplasms have twice the incidence of non-neoplasms. Mean age of malignant tumors is decreased. Rising trend in Mucinous cystadenoma is noted.

     

ICP-AES法同时测定天然植物中金属元素的研究

用微波消解和湿热消解两种前处理方法对海南天然植物荔枝和茄子进行对比处理,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对其中的铁、镍、锰、铜、钾、锌、镁、钙等8种元素含量进行了测定。测定数据证明微波消解方法优于传统的湿热消解法。将微波消解前处理技术优化后再采用微波消解处理时方法的回收率为92.99%~115.57%,RSD<10.0%,各元素的测定检出限也表明该方法更快速、方便,测定结果准确可靠。     

Ameloblastoma: current etiopathological concepts and management

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. It is locally aggressive with unlimited growth capacity and has a high potential for malignant transformation as well as metastasis. Ameloblastoma has no established preventive measures although majority of patients are between ages 30 and 60 years. Molecular and genetic factors that promote oncogenic transformation of odontogenic epithelium to ameloblastoma are strongly linked to dysregulation of multiple genes associated with mitogen‐activated protein kinase, sonic hedgehog, and WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathways. Treatment of ameloblastoma is focused on surgical resection with a wide margin of normal tissue because of its high propensity for locoregional invasion; but this is often associated with significant patient morbidity. The relatively high recurrence rate of ameloblastoma is influenced by the type of molecular etiological factors, the management approach, and how early the patient presents for treatment. It is expected that further elucidation of molecular factors that orchestrate pathogenesis and recurrence of ameloblastoma will lead to new diagnostic markers and targeted drug therapies for ameloblastoma.     

Subcutaneous panniculitis complicating pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma

Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is rare and can occur with the unusual presentation of arthritis and panniculitis that mimic erythema nodosum. We report a case and review the available literature regarding this rare condition of erythema nodosum and panniculitis associated with bilateral ankle and feet pain, which has rendered the patient virtually wheelchair‐bound.     

Engraftment of bone marrow cells into normal unprepared hosts: effects of 5-fluorouracil and cell cycle status

Bone marrow from animals treated with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) competes equally with normal marrow when assessed in vivo in an irradiated mouse, but shows markedly defective engraftment when transplanted into noncytoablated hosts. Using Southern Blot analysis and a Y-chromosome specific probe, we determined the level of engraftment of male donor cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus of unprepared female hosts. We have confirmed the defective engraftment of marrow harvested 6 days after 5FU (FU-6) and transplanted into unprepared hosts and shown that this defect is transient; by 35 days after 5FU (FU-35), engraftment has returned to levels seen with normal marrow. FU-6 marrow represents an actively cycling population of stem cells, and we hypothesize that the cycle status of the stem cell may relate to its capacity to engraft in the nonirradiated host. Accordingly, we have evaluated the cycle status of engrafting normal and FU-6 marrow into normal hosts using an in vivo hydroxyurea technique. We have shown that those cells engrafting from normal marrow and over 70% of the cells engrafting from FU-6 marrow were quiescent, demonstrating no killing with hydroxyurea. We have also used fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with a Y-chromosome probe and demonstrated that normal and post-5FU engraftment patterns in peripheral blood were similar to those seen in bone marrow, spleen, and thymus. Altogether these data indicate that cells engrafting in normal, unprepared hosts are dormant, and the defect that occurs after 5FU is concomitant with the induction of these cells to transit the cell cycle.     

Involvement of Ca~(2+) activated K~+channels in receptor regulated sperm motility in rats

Involvement of Ca~(2+) activated K~+channels in receptor regulated sperm motility in rats