Quantitative study of the immunoglobulin-containing cells in trephine samples of bone marrow

Immunoglobulin (Ig) was demonstrated in paraffin sections of 12 trephine bone marrow biopsies by means of the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The Ig-containing cells, which were counted with the Reichert-Jung (Kontron) MOP-AMO₃ user-controlled image-analyser, were found to constitute approximately 4·2% of all the nucleated cells in the marrow, a figure significantly higher than those reported by previous workers.     

Head injury in child abuse: evaluation with MR imaging

To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of head injury in child abuse, the authors compared the findings at head MR imaging and computed tomography (CT) in 19 abused children. Subdural hematomas (15 cases), cortical contusions (six cases), and shearing injuries (five cases) were demonstrated to particular advantage with MR imaging. CT remained superior in the detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage. MR imaging appears to be valuable in the assessment of patients with suspected intracranial injury due to child abuse.     

Posttraumatic cardiac dysfunction: assessment with radionuclide ventriculography

The authors studied 54 patients with multisystem trauma, including blunt chest injury, using combined dynamic first-pass and electrocardiographically (ECG) gated radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) to evaluate for posttraumatic myocardial dysfunction. Twenty-six of 54 (48%) patients had abnormalities of ventricular wall motion. The ventricular dysfunction was confined to the right ventricle in 92% of cases. In general, abnormalities consisted of right ventricular dilatation and diffuse hypokinesia, although in seven cases there were localized wall-motion abnormalities. The right ventricular ejection fraction of those patients with wall-motion abnormalities was significantly lower than those with normal studies. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ significantly between these groups. ECG changes were not associated with the cardiac dysfunction demonstrated scintigraphically, nor was there a relationship between the number or type of extrathoracic or thoracic injuries demonstrated by RNV. Follow-up studies obtained in 15 cases showed a significant overall improvement in cardiac function by 3 weeks after injury. Combined first-pass and ECG-gated RNV is useful for the identification and follow-up of patients with posttraumatic cardiac dysfunction.     

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 ON PULMONARYBLOOD FLOW AFTER RETROGRADE FLUSH ANDCOLD STORAGE OF LUNGS

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Tackling health literacy: adaptation of public hypertension educational materials for an Indo-Asian population in Canada

Background  

Indo-Asians in Canada are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. There is a need for cultural and language specific educational materials relating to this risk. During this project we developed and field tested the acceptability of a hypertension public education pamphlet tailored to fit the needs of an at risk local Indo-Asian population, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.     

Acute experimental cerebral ischemia: MR enhancement using Gd-DTPA

The effects of a paramagnetic contrast agent, gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA), on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of acute cerebral ischemia was investigated in a feline model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Imaging was performed both before and after administration of an intravenous dose of 0.2 mmol/kg of Gd-DTPA. The animals were then sacrificed for pathologic correlation. No changes in intensity or relaxation times were noted before or after Gd-DTPA administration in two animals with 2 hours of occlusion. Infarcts were noted before and after contrast enhancement in all six cats with ischemia of greater than 16-hours duration. Gd-DTPA caused significant increase in intensity of infarct but not in that of normal cerebral tissue. Rapid enhancement was visible in infarcts of 16-24 hours, but such enhancement was slower in infarcts of 72-168 hours, presumably owing to slowed inflow caused by increased vasogenic edema in the latter group. Contrast enhancement of acute cerebral ischemic lesions with Gd-DTPA offers no improvement in sensitivity of MR imaging, although the conspicuity of the lesion may be improved. Additionally, contrast media may provide potential temporal and pathophysiological data for better characterization of cerebral ischemia.     

Prostatic evaluation by transrectal sonography with histopathologic correlation: the echopenic appearance of early carcinoma

Fifty-two patients with clinical stage A and B carcinomas of the prostate were imaged by ultrasound (US) transrectally with a 5-MHz linear array transducer and transabdominally with a 3-MHz sector scanner prior to radical prostatectomy. The fresh specimens of 44 prostate glands were scanned in a water bath with a 5-MHz linear array transducer in multiple planes. In all cases, histopathologic correlation was obtained. Prostatic carcinoma presented as an echopenic lesion in 54% of the specimens, as a slightly hypoechoic area in 22%, and could not be identified in 24% because of its isoechoic characteristics. In contrast to many previous reports, no instance of echogenic cancer was observed.     

Normal deposition of brain iron in childhood and adolescence: MR imaging at 1.5 T

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain in 285 patients between the ages of 2 and 25 years were retrospectively studied to determine the appearance of brain iron accumulation. The globus pallidus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, and dentate nucleus were evaluated with long TR/TE (repetition time/echo time) spin-echo sequences and staged. All four regions in most patients were initially hyperintense compared with white matter (stage I) before becoming isointense (stage II) and subsequently hypointense (stage III). The globus pallidus was the first to reach stage III, the red nucleus and substantia nigra were next, and the dentate nucleus was last. In general, decreased signal intensity (stage III) was not seen in these regions in patients less than 10 years old; in most patients it was seen by age 25 years. The dentate nucleus decreased in signal intensity more slowly and inconsistently; only one-third of patients had reached stage III by age 25 years. The temporal sequence of normal iron deposition as detected with MR imaging is helpful not only in the diagnosis of known iron-deposition diseases but also in the detection of iron-related pathologic changes.