老年人下肢动脉闭塞的血管重建术262例分析

目的 总结对下肢缺血老年患者进行动脉重建术的手术效果及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析从2006年1月至2008年11月收治的262例下肢动脉缺血的老年患者的临床资料.总结对老年患者行下肢动脉重建术围手术期的关注要点及影响远期预后的因素.结果 本组262例老年患者(323条患肢),下肢动脉血管旁路术102条,腔内治疗98条,单纯取栓/内膜剥脱术67条,手术(血管搭桥/取栓/内膜剥脱术)结合腔内治疗多节段病变56条.手术成功率94.7%,围手术期死亡2例(30 d内),围手术期严重并发症15例.262例中245例患者获得术后获有效随访,随防率93.5%,随访时间1～35个月,平均(18±10)个月.随访期内,死亡15例,血管Ⅰ期通畅率80.5%,Ⅱ期通畅率92.7%,保肢率95.2%.危险因素分析提示:有冠心病病史和年龄大于70岁的病例组在随访期内死亡明显高于其他组.合并糖尿病、病情严重、病变范围广导致术后血管再闭塞发生率高,且截肢数量增加.结论 重症下肢动脉闭塞症的动脉重建术依赖于熟练的手术经验,综合性的多科室协作,合理的手术方案以及围手术期的细致管理.     

臀筋膜间室综合征2例报告

病例1：男,46岁,酒后昏迷7h收住内科。酗酒后倒在卫生间,7h后被发现送医院。入院时体检：呈深昏迷状态,压眶反射消失,右前额可见一血肿,右臀横纹处有擦痕。次日患者渐醒后,觉右臀部疼痛、肿胀、皮肤发亮,右下肢疼痛及小腿麻木。查体：右臀肿胀、张力高,局部皮温稍高,压痛明显,压之有右下肢放射痛,右髋关节伸髋及外展时疼痛明显,轴向叩击痛不明显,右小腿内外侧及足背皮肤感觉减退,躅背伸力下降。臀部X线片见软组织弥漫性肿胀。右臀部CT扫描：右臀部软组织显著肿胀,内有不规则低密度区,CT值为3924Hu。     

100例嵌甲患者的手术治疗效果分析

目的：通过对100例嵌甲病人的手术治疗探讨部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术治疗甲沟炎的疗效。方法：对三种类型共100例甲沟炎病人施以部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术加以治疗。结果：共治疗100例,99治愈（其中80例一期愈合,19例感染,经引流、换药后二期愈合）。随访2～8个月,平均5个月,一例复发,无复发患者对趾甲外形满意。结论：嵌甲是引起甲沟炎主要的原因,部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术对治疗各类型嵌甲时手术操作简单,效果满意,复发率低,同时一定程度上有美甲作用。     

留置输尿管支架管合并发热性尿路感染男性患者的临床特点与肾脏形态研究

目的探讨留置输尿管支架管合并发热性尿路感染男性患者的临床特点与肾脏形态变化。 方法选取郑州市第六人民医院泌尿外科2012年4月至2015年4月采用留置输尿管支架管治疗且合并热性尿路感染的50例男性患者（观察组）以及同期采用留置导尿管合并尿路感染的50例男性患者（对照组）作为研究对象,对两组患者的血尿常规、病原菌分布及肾脏形态特点并进行比较。 结果与对照组相比,观察组患者血白细胞计数显著增高,且肾脏炎症病变患者人数显著增加;观察组50例尿细菌培养阳性患者共检出病原菌61株,其中革兰阴性菌47株,革兰阳性菌14株;对照组48例尿细菌培养阳性患者共检出病原菌72株,其中革兰阴性菌41株,革兰阳性菌31株。观察组革兰阴性菌比例显著高于对照组（χ² = 5.358、P = 0.012）。两组患者术前均未发现肾脏炎症病变;术后观察组50例患者均表现为肾脏炎症病变,而对照组仅2例患者表现为肾脏炎症病变,观察组患者肾脏炎症病变比例显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 12.625,P = 0.001）。 结论留置输尿管支架管合并发热性尿路感染男性患者临床多表现为血白细胞显著升高,病原菌感染以革兰阴性菌为主,且多伴有肾实质炎症病变。     

Application of covered stent grafts for intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms

OBJECT: Utilization of covered stent grafts in treating neurovascular disorders has been reported, but their efficacy and safety in vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneurysms needs further investigation. METHODS: Six cases are presented involving VA dissecting aneurysms that were treated by positioning a covered stent graft. Two aneurysms were located distal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and 4 were located proximal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Aspirin as well as ticlopidine or clopidogrel were administered after the procedure to prevent stent-related thrombosis. All patients were followed up both angiographically and clinically. RESULTS: Five of the 6 patients underwent successful placement of a covered stent graft. The covered stent could not reach the level of the aneurysm in 1 patient with serious vasospasm who died secondary to severe subarachnoid hemorrhage that occurred 3 days later. Patient follow-up ranged from 6 to 14 months (mean 10.4 months), and demonstrated complete stabilization of the obliterated aneurysms, and no obvious intimal hyperplasia. No procedure-related complications such as stenosis or embolization occurred in the 5 patients with successful stent graft placement. CONCLUSIONS: Although long-term follow-up studies using a greater number of patients is required for further validation of this technique, this preliminary assessment shows that covered stent graft placement is an efficient, safe, and microinvasive technique, and is a promising tool in treating intracranial VA dissecting aneurysms.     

Clinical features and outcome of chronic dialysis patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Information about chronic dialysis (CD) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) is scant. This study sought to determine the epidemiology and outcome of CD patients in an ICU setting and to test the performance of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) to predict hospital mortality in this population. METHODS: All consecutive CD patients admitted to an adult, 10 bed medical/surgical ICU at a university hospital between January 1996 and December 1999 were included in this prospective observational study. Demographics, characteristics of the underlying renal disease, admission diagnosis, the number of organ system failures (OSFs) excluding renal failure and SAPS II, both calculated 24 h after admission, the duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU survival and survival status at hospital discharge and 6 months after discharge were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 92 CD patients, 16 on peritoneal dialysis and 76 on haemodialysis, were included. The main reason for ICU admission was sepsis and the mean ICU length of stay 6.2+/-9.9 days. ICU mortality was 26/92 (28.3%) and was associated in multivariate analysis with SAPS II (P<0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation (P<0.01) and abnormal values of serum phosphorus (high or low; P<0.05). Hospital mortality was 35/92 (38.0%) and was accurately predicted by SAPS II [receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.86+/-0.04; goodness-of-fit test: C = 6.86, 5 degrees of freedom (df), P = 0.23 and H = 4.78, 5 df, P = 0.44]. The 6 month survival rate was 48/92 (52.2%). CONCLUSIONS: CD patients admitted to the ICU are a subgroup of patients with high mortality and SAPS II can be used to assess their probability of hospital mortality. The severity of the acute illness responsible for ICU admission and an abnormal value of serum phosphorus are determinants for ICU mortality.     

Interleukin-13 genetic polymorphisms in Singapore Chinese children correlate with long-term outcome of minimal-change disease.

BACKGROUND: Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) has been associated with atopy. As interleukin-13 (IL-13) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MCNS, we postulated that IL-13 genetic polymorphisms could influence either susceptibility or clinical course of the disease. METHODS: Seventy-two Singapore Chinese children with MCNS and 78 normal controls were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-13 gene by direct sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies of these SNPs were determined and their relationship with different clinical courses was analysed. RESULTS: Six SNPs were identified in the 5' promoter, exon 4 and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). The three SNPs in the 3'UTR--4738 (G/A), 4793 (C/A) and 4926 (C/T)--were in tight linkage disequilibrium (Delta > or = 0.99). There was no difference in allele or genotype frequencies between MCNS children and normal controls. However, there was a significantly lower frequency of allele 4738G in those MCNS children who were still relapsing after 5 years of follow-up (G = 0.52), compared with those in complete remission (G = 0.72; P<0.05) and normal controls (G = 0.69; P<0.05). Haplotype analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of the GCC haplotype in controls and MCNS patients in complete remission (chi2 = 6.35; P<0.02), while the frequency of AAT haplotype was higher in those MCNS children still relapsing after 5 years of follow-up (chi2 = 5.38; P<0.02). Moreover, peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-13 mRNA expression in patients with haplotype AAT was significantly higher than in those with haplotype GCC. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in the 3'UTR of the IL-13 gene correlate with long-term outcome of MCNS, rather than disease susceptibility, in Singapore Chinese children.     

海南三亚农村人居环境整治成效与病媒生物种群密度的相关性

目的 调查海南三亚农村重要病媒生物的种群密度,分析其密度变化与农村人居环境整治成效的相关性。方法 于2019年6—11月,参考国家相关标准,对三亚市4个行政区和1个生态区管委会分别随机选取自然村或农场队的公共区域、农户庭院和房前屋后以目测法调查蚊幼孳生地、蚊幼阳性积水、成蚊数,蝇类孳生地、成蝇数,鼠类栖息地、鼠迹数及蟑迹数。结合该自然村或农场队的人居环境评分,分析其与病媒生物种群密度的相关性。结果 共调查三亚市163个自然村/农场队次的病媒生物种群数量,其中成蝇数（15.82±22.24）只、蝇孳生地数（4.45±3.21）处的种群数量相对较大,其次是鼠类栖息地数（2.97±6.58）处、鼠迹数（2.79±2.88）只和成蚊数（1.69±6.40）只、蚊孳生地数（2.87±2.53）处、阳性积水数（2.33±2.82）处,蜚蠊蟑迹数（0.16±0.48）只数量较少。从6—11月,病媒生物种群数量整体呈下降趋势。而蝇类孳生地数未见明显改变,鼠迹数和鼠类栖息地数量先下降后上升。本研究观察到三亚农村的病媒生物孳生和栖息地类型很多,具有明显的热带地方特色。相关性分析显示,三亚市农村蚊幼孳生地数、蝇类孳生地、成蝇数、鼠迹数与整治成效,在5个月中呈负相关关系;本研究调查的病媒生物种群数量的8个指标中,除蝇类孳生地和鼠类栖息地外（P>0.05）,蚊幼孳生地（P<0.01）、蚊幼阳性积水（P=0.04）、成蚊数量（P=0.01）、成蝇数量（P<0.01）、鼠迹数（P=0.04）和蟑迹数（P=0.04）在农村人居环境和村庄清洁整治后,均有明显降低。结论 三亚农村环境中的病媒生物种群密度高,通过农村人居环境整治,病媒生物种群密度明显下降。     

WWT/FA280自动粪便分析仪的临床应用评价

目的:分析WWT/FA280自动粪便分析仪的临床应用。方法:选取粪便标本500份,使用手工法与WWT/FA280自动粪便分析仪予以检测,将手工法检测结果作为“金标准”,分析自动粪便分析仪对隐血试验阳性、红细胞、白细胞、真菌孢子及寄生虫检测的敏感度、特异度、符合率。结果:WWT/FA280自动粪便分析仪对隐血阳性检测的敏...     

Nd:YAG激光手术治疗白内障术后囊袋收缩综合征疗效观察

目的 研究Nd:YAG激光前囊松解术治疗白内障术后囊袋收缩综合征(CCS)患者的疗效及安全性.方法 选择2019年1月至2020年12月宝鸡市人民医院收治的100例(150眼)白内障术后CCS患者为研究对象.所有患者均行Nd:YAG激光前囊松解术治疗,治疗后,比较患者治疗前后的屈光度、视力效果及并发症发生情况.结果 治...