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Background
Behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are among the most widely used nonpharmacologic alternatives for the treatment of insomnia.Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia, factors affecting it, and the impact of a cognitive behavioral therapy for institutionalized elders complaining of sleep disturbance in Alexandria, Egypt.Methods
This study was done through two phases. A cross-sectional design was used in the first phase to detect the prevalence of sleep problems and their correlates among the elderly, then pretest?Cposttest design was used to apply an intervention program to the elders who suffered from insomnia. A pre-designed structured interview questionnaire was presented to the participants. The main outcome measure was sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Results
The study included a total of 210 elders (97 males and 113 females), with a mean age of 72.2?±?5.3?years, about two thirds of them were poor sleepers (63.3%). The results show that after carrying out the behavioral therapy for the elders, the percentage of poor sleepers decreased from 63.3% to 46.2%. Two variables (educational level and female sex) proved to be statistically significantly related to the improvement in sleep quality.Conclusions
A goal of this intervention program was considerably achieved. Importantly, the intervention appears to improve sleep quality among the elders. Data from this study re-enforce the continuing need for more sleep educational programs that are intended to attract the attention of elders especially those institutionalized. 相似文献Methods: SLMs were prepared applying hot homogenization method, using different types of lipids and stabilized with various types and concentrations of surfactants. The optimized formula was subjected to freeze-drying followed by incorporation into poloxamer gel. Microbiological and clinical evaluation of the selected SLMs on patients suffering from periodontal diseases was performed.
Results: SLMs could entrap high percentage of both drugs (81.14% and 68.75 % for doxycycline hydrochloride and metronidazole respectively). Transmission electron microscopy images of SLMs showed nearly spherical particles. Freeze-dried SLMs showed satisfactory stability for three months. Combined drugs were molecularly dispersed in SLMs. Incorporation of the freeze-dried SLMs powder in poloxamer gel could control the drugs release for 72 h. In-vivo study revealed effective and safe use of SLMs gel for periodontitis treatment. Significant improvement in both microbiological and clinical parameters was observed as compared to scaling and root planing alone.
Conclusion: The formulated SLMs gel offers an applicable dosage form that can be injected directly into the periodontal pocket as adjunctive to scaling and root planing. 相似文献