Greater body fatness during childhood is associated with reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer, but few studies have addressed the relation of adiposity with sex hormones in girls. We prospectively examined associations between adiposity and circulating levels of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) among 286 girls in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children. Participants were 8 to 10 years old at baseline and were followed for an average of 7 years. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and at subsequent annual visits, and blood samples were collected every 2 years. Concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) during follow-up were higher among girls with greater body mass index (BMI) at baseline. The mean for the lowest BMI quartile was 63.0 microg/dL compared with 78.8 microg/dL for the highest quartile, and each kg/m(2) increment in baseline BMI was associated with a 4.3% increase (95% confidence interval, 1.6-7.0%) in DHEAS levels during follow-up (P(trend) = 0.002). Concentrations of SHBG during follow-up were lower among girls with greater BMI at baseline. The mean for the lowest BMI quartile was 94.8 nmol compared with 57.5 nmol for the highest quartile, and each kg/m(2) increment in baseline BMI was associated with an 8.8% decrease (95% confidence interval, 7.0-10.6%) in SHBG levels during follow-up (P(trend) < 0.0001). Estrogen and progesterone concentrations were similar across BMI quartiles. These findings suggest that adiposity may alter DHEAS and SHBG levels in girls. Whether and how these differences affect breast development and carcinogenesis requires further research. 相似文献
Objective: To summarize changes in folic acid awareness, knowledge, and behavior among women of childbearing age in the United States since the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) 1992 folic acid recommendation and later fortification. Methods: Random-digit dialed telephone surveys were conducted of approximately 2000 women (per survey year) aged 18–45 years from 1995–2005 in the United States. Results: The percentage of women reporting having heard or read about folic acid steadily increased from 52% in 1995 to 84% in 2005. Of all women surveyed in 2005, 19% knew folic acid prevented birth defects, an increase from 4% in 1995. The proportion of women who reported learning about folic acid from health care providers increased from 13% in 1995 to 26% in 2005. The proportion of all women who reported taking a vitamin supplement containing folic acid increased slightly from 28% in 1995 to 33% in 2005. Among women who were not pregnant at the time of the survey in 2005, 31% reported taking a vitamin containing folic acid daily compared with 25% in 1995. Conclusions: The percentage of women taking folic acid daily has increased modestly since 1995. Despite this increase, the data show that the majority of women of childbearing age still do not take a vitamin containing folic acid daily. Health care providers and maternal child health professionals must continue to promote preconceptional health among all women of childbearing age, and encourage them to take a vitamin containing folic acid daily.
Background: Studies suggest that the period following completion of treatment can be distressing for cancer patients. One potentially
important predictor of distress is physical symptoms/side effects during treatment.Purpose: A longitudinal, observational design was used to examine whether the number of physical symptoms/side effects experienced
during treatment was a correlate of cancer-related distress and general distress 4 months after treatment completion, as measured
by the Impact of Events Scale and the Mental Health subscale of the Short Form-36, respectively.Methods: Participants were 151 women who had completed chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ or stage 1 or
2 breast cancer. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted with relevant sociodemographic, clinical, and psychiatric
variables entered as controls.Results: Greater physical symptoms/side effects predicted greater total cancer-related distress, intrusive thoughts, and general distress.
Physical symptoms/side effects did not significantly predict avoidance. Follow-up analyses indicated that the relationship
between physical symptoms/side effects and general distress was mediated by both total cancer-related distress and intrusive
thoughts.Conclusions: These results suggest that patients who experience greater physical symptoms/side effects during treatment are at greater
risk for later cancer-related distress and, in turn, general distress. Future research should evaluate whether early intervention
with these patients is effective in preventing or reducing distress in the posttreatment period.
This work was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (5R01 CA082822). 相似文献
Isozyme variation of the Simulium damnosum sibling species complex was studied by cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) from four Kenyan river systems. Two enzymes, PGM and HK, were diagnostic and differentiated the larvae collected in Western and Nyanza provinces from the larvae collected at Mt. Kenya. Allele frequency differences of the enzyme PGI allowed about 75% separation of the geographically distinct populations. 相似文献
Development of gene therapies for wound healing will depend on the identification of the genes involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Previous quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies in mice using the ear punch model have shown that major QTL exist on chromosome (Chr) 9 for soft tissue regeneration. In this study, we have developed a congenic line that contains the Chr 9 QTL chromosomal region from super healer MRL/MpJ in the genomic background of poor-healing SJL/J. The phenotypic effect of this QTL was confirmed in male mice, where the congenic line has shown significant healing improvement over SJL. Fine mapping of the Chr 9 QTL region with 23 markers at an average distance of 4.2 Mb using a total of 1,564 MRL/MpJ x SJL/J F(2) mice revealed the presence of at least three QTL peaks, implying that three separate loci may contribute to the phenotypic effect of this QTL. Based on the 2-LOD intervals, the total QTL region was confined to a combined length of no more than 28.2 Mb. Application of a Bayesian shrinkage estimation indicated that a major locus was located in a region of just 1.3 Mb. 相似文献