Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the nervous system

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme, activated by DNA strand breaks to participate in DNA repair. Overactivation of PARP by cellular insults depletes its substrate NAD(+) and then ATP, leading to a major energy deficit and cell death. This mechanism appears to be prominent in vascular stroke and other neurodegenerative processes in which PARP gene deletion and PARP-inhibiting drugs provide major protection. Cell death associated with PARP-1 overactivation appears to be predominantly necrotic while apoptosis is associated with PARP-1 cleavage, which may conserve energy needed for the apoptotic process. Novel forms of PARP derived from distinct genes and lacking classic DNA-binding domains may have nonnuclear functions, perhaps linked to cellular energy dynamics.     

VEGF,PDGF和MVD在喉癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF),血小板来源的内皮生长因子(platelet-derived endothelial growth factor,PDGF),Ⅷ因子测定的微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)与喉癌微血管生成、临床分期和病理分级的关系。方法 应用免疫组织化学LASB法检测1998～1999年40例喉鳞状细胞癌和11例喉正常粘膜VEGF、PDGF、微血管密度的表达情况,结合临床相关因素进行统计分析。结果 喉鳞状细胞癌中VEGF表达在肿瘤T分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移和病理分级中有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PDGF计数标识指数与病人肿瘤T分级、临床分期中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MVD测定均数在早、晚期分组中有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 喉癌的发展、侵袭需要持续的新生血管,本实验提示肿瘤增殖与理论相符,VEGF、PDGF和MVD可作为临床预测重要参考指标。     

眼镜蛇毒的化学成分研究进展

眼镜蛇毒具有广泛的生物学活性。文章综述了近年来眼镜蛇毒中研究较为深入的一些组分的分离提纯、理化性质及其生物活性等方面的研究进展。     

吸液态氧对高原移居青年肺通气功能的影响

目的　探讨在高原地区吸入液态氧对移居青年肺通气功能的影响。　方法　将进驻海拔 370 0m半年的 4 0名健康青年随机分为两组 ,每组 2 0人。一组为对照组 ,受试者用EGM型踏车功量计做坐位踏车运动 ,初始负荷功率 2 5W ,每 3min递增 5 0W ,以 6 0rpm/min连续踏车直至力竭。另一组为实验组 ,在运动前10min开始用面罩吸液态氧 ,每min吸入量为 4L ,在踏车运动中全程吸氧 ,踏车方式同对照组。计算每位受试者运动功率 2 2 5W时的每分钟肺通气量 (VE)。　结果　吸氧组和对照组VE 分别为 32 16± 3 6 2与 38 78± 2 2 3;血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )分别为 84 10± 4 2 2与 73 70± 2 34。VE 明显降低 ,SaO2 明显增高 ,差异非常显著(P <0 0 1)。　结论　吸液态氧能明显改善高原移居青年的肺通气量并提高做功效率。     

喉癌、下咽癌颈廓清组织中转移淋巴结的分布研究

对54侧经临床检查或／和CT扫描确诊为有淋巴结转移而行预廓清的标本进行病理学观察，发现：喉癌、下咽癌淋巴结转移有一定规律可循，即LevelⅡ、Ⅲ有较高的转移率，LevelⅣ、Ⅵ的发生率较低，而LevelⅠ、LevelⅤ很少发生转移。提示：喉癌、下咽癌病人的颈廓清的施术应在颈LevelⅡ～Ⅳ廓清的同时行同侧甲状腺侧叶的切除以将颈中器官周围淋巴结清扫彻底。对LevelⅠ，LevelⅤ的清扫应在临床触诊、CT检查的证实下或术中发现转移时方可进行．以减少颈廓清手术范围、手术时间和术后并发症的发生。     

自身免疫性感音神经性聋的内耳代谢与电生理研究

为探讨自身免疫性感音神经性聋（ＡＳＨＬ）的内耳病理生理学机制，采用听觉电生理技术和酶组织化学方法，观察ＡＳＨＬ模型动物的内耳生理功能与组织内主要酶活性的变化。结果示：听视经复合动作电位和耳蜗微音器电位阈值明显升高，内淋巴电位（包括负相）幅值均有不同程度的降低，并与血管纹和内淋巴囊局部组织内Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性改变之间的相关性。表明自身免疫性内耳损伤，进而造成组织内相关酶代谢     

Malignant papillary neoplasms of the intrahepatic bile ducts: CT and histopathologic features

OBJECTIVE. We describe the CT and pathologic features of malignant papillary neoplasms of the intrahepatic bile ducts in 15 patients. CONCLUSION. CT is a useful technique for revealing intraductal lesions, although the findings are nonspecific and variable. When intraductal masses or nodules are seen with localized dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts on CT scans, malignant papillary neoplasms of the intrahepatic bile ducts should be included in the differential diagnosis.     

Predictors of men's acceptance of modern contraceptive practice: study in rural Vietnam.

Studies have shown family planning adoption is likely to be more effective for women when men are actively involved. The transtheoretical model of behavior change was used to examine men's involvement in general contraception and intrauterine device (IUD) use by their wives. The study was carried out in rural Vietnam with 651 eligible participants. Cons of IUD use for men in precontemplation and contemplation/preparation were significantly higher than those in the action/maintenance stages, whereas the reverse was true for pros of IUD. The self-efficacy for convincing wife to have IUD in precontemplation was significantly lower than for those in higher stages. Women's education and ages, spontaneous recall of modern contraceptive method, cons for IUD, and self-efficacy for contraception and for convincing wives to get IUD inserted (or continue use) were significant predictors of men's readiness to accept IUD. Interventions are targeted to reduce cons and increase self-efficacy for IUD use.