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21.
S. Monecke P. Slickers H. Hotzel G. Richter-Huhn M. Pohle S. Weber W. Witte R. Ehricht 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2006,12(8):718-728
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of novel methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that produce the potent toxin Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). PVL-positive strains can cause complicated skin infections or necrotising pneumonia with high mortality, and these strains have the potential for epidemic spread in the community. In 2004-2005, two case clusters and two isolated cases were observed in eastern Saxony and southern Brandenburg. These were the first known infections with PVL-positive community-acquired MRSA (caMRSA) in this part of Germany. The isolates belonged to agr type III, spa type 44 or spa type 131, and showed a SmaI macrorestriction pattern that corresponded to caMRSA of clonal group ST80. The isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, macrolides, clindamycin, gentamicin and vancomycin. Most isolates showed resistance to tetracycline and fusidic acid because of the presence of the tetK and far1 genes. A novel plasmid (designated pUB102) harbouring far1, tetK and blaZ was characterised and partially sequenced. Microarray analysis revealed that the caMRSA isolates harboured genes encoding several bi-component toxins (lukF/S-PVL, lukD/E, lukS/F plus hlgA, and another putative leukocidin homologue). Neither tst1 nor genes for enterotoxins A-Y were detected, but the isolates harboured several staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin genes (set genes), as well as genes encoding an epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor (edinB) and exfoliative toxin D (etD). Comparative analysis of other isolates from Australia, Germany, Switzerland and the UK showed that these isolates were representative of a widespread clone of caMRSA. 相似文献
22.
Deep brain stimulation of the centre median-parafascicular complex in patients with movement disorders 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Krauss JK Pohle T Weigel R Burgunder JM 《Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry》2002,72(4):546-548
The centre median-parafascicular (CM-Pf) complex of the thalamus is considered to be a possible target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with movement disorders. In a prospective study on the effect of CM-Pf DBS versus somatosensory thalamic DBS on chronic neuropathic pain, three of 12 patients had additional movement disorders. Bifocal quadripolar electrodes were implanted by computed tomography guided stereotactic surgery under local anaesthesia contralaterally to the side of the pain for test stimulation. Two of the three patients with movement disorders had permanent implantation of CM-Pf electrodes. During test stimulation of the left CM-Pf complex for several days, a 67 year old woman received no benefit with respect to the neuropathic pain, but the choreoathetotic movements of her right foot ceased. As the pain syndrome was not improved, she decided not to have permanent implantation. A 74 year old man with postzoster neuralgia and allodynia enjoyed excellent relief from his pain with chronic CM-Pf DBS. In addition, improvement in the tremor at rest was noted. A 72 year old man had sustained reduction in his stump dyskinesias. Further evaluation of the possible role of the "forgotten" central and medial thalamic nuclei in the treatment of movement disorders may be warranted. 相似文献
23.
SJ KANG HD WOO JY CHOI YJ LEE HW CHUNG 《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》2006,20(3):224-247
5-Flourouracil(5-FU) is one of well known anti-cancer drugs, but its toxicity in normal lymphocytes remains a major problem in chemotherapy. The eastern traditional drug, Bupleuri radix(BR), has been used for the treatment of liver diseases and contains series of triterpene saponins. 相似文献
24.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an intermediate product in the synthesis
of male and female sex hormones in the adrenal cortex of man. In livers of
rats and mice DHEA increases the levels of cytochrome P450 IVA and
peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes associated with peroxisome
proliferation. Prolonged treatment of rats with DHEA induces liver tumors
that are more frequent in females arising mainly in the periportal regions
of the liver lobule (Metzger et al., Toxicol. Pathol. 23, 591-605, 1995).
Because of paucity of information on hepatic zonation of peroxisomal
response to DHEA and controversial reports on gender-specific differences
of its effects the present study was undertaken using qualitative
immunohistochemical and quantitative immunoelectron microscopical
techniques in addition to Western blotting. Rats were treated for 24 weeks
with 0.6% DHEA supplied with diet. Immunoblot analysis revealed marked
induction of peroxisomal beta- oxidation enzymes, which by quantitative
analysis was equally strong in male and female animals, whilst catalase and
urate-oxidase were not increased. Cytochrome P450 IVA, in contrast, was
induced significantly stronger in male than in female rats.
Immunohistochemistry confirmed the induction of cytochrome P450 IVA showing
a marked lobular gradient in female animals with strong induction in
pericentral and almost no induction in periportal regions of the liver
lobule. In male animals cytochrome P450 IVA was expressed more uniformly
across the liver lobule. A similar sex specific zone-dependent response was
observed for peroxisomes. DHEA induced in females a significant zonal
gradient with marked peroxisome proliferation and a strong induction of
peroxisomal hydratase/dehydrogenase in pericentral hepatocytes and a much
smaller response in periportal regions. Livers of male animals, in
contrast, showed a uniform peroxisomal proliferation to DHEA with only
slight zonal differences. The striking homologies of the induction patterns
of cytochrome P450 IVA and the peroxisome proliferation in both sexes
support the notion of a functional relationship. In view of the almost
exclusive periportal localization of DHEA-induced tumors in female rats in
contrast to the pericentral localization of the peroxisomal proliferation
shown by this study, it seems likely that other factors in addition to
peroxisome proliferation may contribute to the hepatocarcinogenic effect of
DHEA.
相似文献
25.
A. Langford R. Kunze S. Schmelzer H. Wolf H.-D. Pohle P. Reichart 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》1992,21(2):49-57
Cytologic smears (CS) were taken from the lateral border of the tongue of HIV-seropositive patients (HIV+) (n = 39) and of seronegative controls (HIV-) (n = 19) and examined by immunocytochemistry (APAAP) and in situ hybridization (ISH) (biotinylated DNA probes) for the presence of viral antigens/DNA of EBV and CMV. While none of the HIV controls showed positive results for EBV antigen, 61% (APAAP) resp. 79% (ISH) of oral epithelial cells in the group of HIV+ patients were EBV-positive. While all CS taken from areas with the clinical diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia (HL) were EBV positive (APAAP and/or ISH), the detection of EBV in CS from uninvolved oral mucosa seemed to be associated with the later development of HL. In the group of HIV+ patients the detection rate for CMV was about five times (APAAP) resp. three times (ISH) higher than in HIV- persons. This non-invasive technique seems to be a valuable tool to screen for viral antigens/genomes. 相似文献
26.
27.
Raethjen J Pohle S Govindan RB Morsnowski A Wenzelburger R Deuschl G 《Experimental neurology》2005,194(1):151-160
It has been postulated that Parkinsonian action tremor is distinct from classical resting tremor and that it may contribute to a loss of manual dexterity in Parkinson's disease. We analyzed pinch grip coordination in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease. An object with and without an additional 500 g weight was grasped, lifted and held for a short time with opposed thumb and index finger. Force sensors recorded the force exerted by both fingers. Spectral analysis of the force traces was performed. Transition times between grasping and lifting the object were measured. 18 age matched normal volunteers served as a control group. While holding the object, there were force oscillations in the 3.5-6.5 Hz band indicating (reemerging) classical Parkinsonian tremor in 65% of the patients. This was reduced to 15-20% under levodopa. Oscillations in the 6-15 Hz band were found in 30% (50% with weight) of the patients, remaining unchanged under levodopa, and in 10% (20% with weight) of the normal controls. During lift initiation, 6-15 Hz oscillations were found in all patients and the majority of controls. The band power was positively correlated with the movement transition times in the severely akinetic patients and was significantly higher than in controls. It remained unchanged under levodopa. Our data confirm that Parkinsonian action tremor activated during complex voluntary movements is distinct from classical resting tremor. It does not show a clear levodopa response but affects dextrous movement coordination when associated with clinically severe overall akinesia. 相似文献
28.
Quantification of aortic valve calcification with electron beam tomography: a histomorphometric validation study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pohle K Dimmler A Feyerer R Feger S Ropers D Daniel WG Achenbach S 《Investigative radiology》2004,39(4):230-234
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The exact quantification of the amount of calcification in aortic valves may be useful for the identification of risk factors for the progression of aortic valve calcification and to evaluate new therapeutic approaches for aortic valve disease. Electron beam tomography (EBT) allows the in vivo detection of calcifications in coronary vessels and in the aortic valve. The aim of this study was to validate the quantification of aortic valve calcification by EBT with in vivo and in vitro investigations. METHODS: In 15 patients (aortic stenosis in 13, aortic regurgitation in 2 cases), EBT was performed before aortic valve replacement (40 cross sections, 3-mm slice thickness, matrix 512 x 512, field of view 28 cm, ECG trigger at 40% of the cardiac cycle). EBT was repeated on the explanted aortic valve using the same protocol. In both data sets, the amount of aortic valve calcification was determined using a volumetric score. In serial cuts of the explanted valve (distance 1 mm), the calcified volume was determined by an independent investigator using histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: The mean calcified volume of the aortic valves as quantified by EBT was 1650.0 +/- 1401.0 mm? in vivo (EBT1) and 1544.4 +/- 1266.5 mm? in vitro (EBT2). Histomorphometric analysis showed a mean calcified volume of 1555.7 +/- 1272.5 mm?. The mean difference between EBT1 and EBT2 was 4.2 +/- 14.7%, between EBT1 and histomorphometry 3.6 +/- 12.1%, and between EBT2 and histomorphometry -0.5 +/- 5.9%. CONCLUSION: EBT allows accurate in vivo quantification of aortic valve calcifications. 相似文献
29.
A Langford D Dienemann D Schürman H D Pohle G Pauli H Stein P Reichart 《International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery》1991,20(3):136-141
While B-cell lymphomas are frequently found in AIDS patients, reports on oral manifestations are rare. Among a group of 465 HIV-infected patients 5 presented with primary oral manifestations of a malignant B-cell lymphoma. The primary site of manifestation was the maxilla in 3 cases and the mandible in 2 cases. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical examination the tumors were differentiated as Burkitt's lymphoma (n = 1), as anaplastic large cell (ALC) lymphoma of the B-cell type (n = 1), as high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma not classifiable according to the Kiel classification (n = 1), as immunoblastic-plasmoblastic lymphoma (n = 1), and as centroblastic lymphoma (n = 1). Serum samples were negative for HTLV-I antibodies in 5/5 cases. 相似文献
30.
Venous clots: evaluation with MR imaging 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the proton relaxation and imaging characteristics of static blood and acute and organized clot in canine jugular veins. In vivo, it was found that two inversion recovery sequences using a short inversion time (100 msec) demonstrated better differentiation of signal intensity of intravascular clot from surrounding soft tissues than did standard T1- and T2-weighted sequences. In vitro, quantitative measurements showed marked reduction of both T1 and T2 relaxation time of acute clot compared with stagnant blood. In addition, the T1 relaxation time, and to a lesser extent the T2 relaxation time, shortened as the clot aged, indicating a potential role for magnetic resonance imaging in determining the age of venous thrombi. 相似文献