Distinct Aβ pathology in the olfactory bulb and olfactory deficits in a mouse model of Aβ and α‐syn co‐pathology

Several degenerative brain disorders such as Alzheimer''s disease (AD), Parkinson''s disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by the simultaneous appearance of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and α‐synuclein (α‐syn) pathologies and symptoms that are similar, making it difficult to differentiate between these diseases. Until now, an accurate diagnosis can only be made by postmortem analysis. Furthermore, the role of α‐syn in Aβ aggregation and the arising characteristic olfactory impairments observed during the progression of these diseases is still not well understood. Therefore, we assessed Aβ load in olfactory bulbs of APP‐transgenic mice expressing APP695 ^KM670/671NL and PSEN1 ^L166P under the control of the neuron‐specific Thy‐1 promoter (referred to here as APPPS1) and APPPS1 mice co‐expressing SNCA ^A30P (referred to here as APPPS1 × [A30P]aSYN). Furthermore, the olfactory capacity of these mice was evaluated in the buried food and olfactory avoidance test. Our results demonstrate an age‐dependent increase in Aβ load in the olfactory bulb of APP‐transgenic mice that go along with exacerbated olfactory performance. Our study provides clear evidence that the presence of α‐syn significantly diminished the endogenous and seed‐induced Aβ deposits and significantly ameliorated olfactory dysfunction in APPPS1 × [A30P]aSYN mice.     

Shall We Inject Superficial or Deep to the Plantar Fascia? An Ultrasound Study of the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis

We compared the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided corticosteroid, injected superficial or deep to the fascia, in patients with plantar fasciitis. Thirty patients (24 females [75%] and 6 males [25%]) with unilateral chronic plantar fasciitis were divided into 2 groups according to the corticosteroid injection site: superficial (n = 15) or deep (n = 15) to the plantar fascia. Patient heel pain was measured using a Likert pain scale and the Foot Ankle Outcome Scale (FAOS) for foot disability, evaluated at baseline and repeated in the first and sixth weeks. The plantar fascia and heel pad thicknesses were assessed on US scans at baseline and the sixth week. The groups were similar in age, gender, and body mass index (p > .05 for all). Compared with the baseline values, the Likert pain scale (p < .001 for all) and FAOS subscale (p < .01 for all) scores had improved at the first and sixth week follow-up visits in both groups. Although the plantar fascia thickness had decreased significantly in both groups at the sixth week (p < .001 for both), the heel pad thickness remained unchanged (p > .05 for both). The difference in the FAOS subscales (pain, p = .002; activities of daily living, p = .003; sports/recreational activities, p = .008; quality of life, p = .009) and plantar fascia thickness (p = .049) showed better improvement in the deep than in the superficial injection group. US-guided corticosteroid injections are safe and effective in the short-term therapeutic outcome of chronic plantar fasciitis. Additionally, injection of corticosteroid deep to the fascia might result in greater reduction in plantar fascia thickness, pain, and disability and improved foot-related quality of life.     

三黄益肾胶囊治疗2型糖尿病早期肾病疗效分析简

目的：分析三黄益肾胶囊治疗2型糖尿病早期肾病的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2008--2012年治疗的128例2型糖尿病早期肾病患者的临床资料,分为常规组及三黄益肾胶囊组,对相关临床资料及疗效进行分析。结果：两组治疗前后的糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、尿微量白蛋白（MALB）指标均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗后三黄益肾胶囊治疗组尿微量白蛋白改善优于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：三黄益肾胶囊能明显降低糖尿病早期肾病患者尿微量白蛋白的排出,延缓早期肾病的进展。     

成年鼠被毛毛乳头细胞分离方法的建立与评价

目的 寻求一种简单高效的分离培养小鼠被毛毛乳头细胞的方法.方法 取5周龄C57小鼠背部皮肤,刮去毛发后予0.2％Ⅰ型胶原酶37℃消化2h,刮下毛球部,经过2次Ficoll密度梯度离心后,得到纯净的毛乳头进行培养.检测毛乳头贴壁率、毛乳头细胞特异性标记表达及其体内毛囊重建能力.结果 该分离方法能显著降低工作强度,减少污染机会,获得的毛乳头贴壁快、细胞迁出快.qRT-PCR、细胞免疫荧光实验结果均证实体外培养的小鼠被毛毛乳头细胞可表达与毛囊诱导能力相关的特异性标记物ALP、β-catenin及Versican,且与触须毛乳头细胞相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).体外培养的小鼠被毛毛乳头细胞具有诱导毛囊再生的能力.结论 胶原酶消化结合Ficoll梯度离心是一种简单、有效地分离获取小鼠背部毛乳头的方法.     

游离分叶穿支皮瓣修复四肢复杂创面北大核心CSCD

目的探讨游离分叶穿支皮瓣修复四肢复杂创面的疗效。方法2018年1月—2021年1月,收治10例四肢复杂创面患者。男7例,女3例;年龄32~64岁,平均45岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤4例,机器绞伤3例,机器挤压伤1例,重物压砸伤2例。上肢创面5例,下肢创面5例。创面范围11 cm×10 cm~25 cm×18 cm。采用旋股外侧动脉降支穿支三叶皮瓣7例、四叶皮瓣2例,旋股外侧动脉降支联合斜支穿支三叶皮瓣1例。皮瓣切取范围12.0 cm×10.5 cm~28.0 cm×12.0 cm。供区直接缝合9例,接力旋髂浅动脉穿支皮瓣修复1例。结果术后1例皮瓣边缘窦道形成,经换药、引流后愈合;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区皮瓣成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均11个月。皮瓣无明显臃肿,色泽、质地良好。供区仅遗留线性瘢痕。结论游离分叶穿支皮瓣能有效修复四肢复杂创面,术后皮瓣成活率高,并发症少。     

Effects of ischemic liver preconditioning on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat

To minimize bleeding during major liver resections or liver transplantation, surgical measures have been adopted that induce ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) which may significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality of partial liver resections. Several methods have sought to minimize I/R hepatic lesions. The present project assessed the protective role of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in rat livers. The IPC was accomplished by clamping the hepatic pedicle for 5 minutes, followed by a 5-minute reperfusion (R) period before a 2-hour ischemia. Thereafter, reperfusions of 1, 3, and 24 hours were compared among IPC and control groups without IPC. Liver biopsy and blood samples were measured for mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). IPC protected liver mitochondrial function. Serum aminotransferase levels were significantly lower among animals undergoing IPC compared with groups without IPC. Thus, we verified the effects of IPC for hepatocellular protection against I/R lesions.     

Staginglaparoskopie in der Onkologie

The availability of more treatment options for gastrointestinal cancer requires precise and reliable pretherapeutic staging. Despite impressive technical progress in modern imaging procedures, this high level of staging quality is not yet warranted in all instances. Visual exploration of the abdominal cavity in extended diagnostic laparoscopy (EDL), including surgical dissection of areas which are primarily inaccessible, biopsy retrieval, and laparoscopic ultrasound, is superior in the diagnostic workup of early peritoneal carcinomatosis and (small) liver metastases. It is helpful to evaluate lymph node infliction and local resectability. In esophageal carcinoma, pretherapeutic EDL is valuable in case of advanced adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus (AEG I according to Siewert), whereas the incidence of abdominal tumor manifestations in squamous cell carcinoma is too low to perform staging laparoscopy. In advanced gastric cancer, EDL yields relevant additional information in up to 20% of cases. If a multimodal therapeutic strategy is considered, EDL should be obligatory at least in prospective therapeutic studies. In carcinoma of the pancreas, EDL is in general not recommended by the majority of centers. Selective use (in particular in advanced cancer with a high probability of local irresectability) is gaining importance. In hepatobiliary malignancy including colorectal metastases, the high yield of additional information by EDL was confirmed in recent studies.     

Aortic stent grafting and side-branch embolization in an expanding chronic type B dissection

OBJECTIVE: This is a report of endovascular treatment of a case of type B thoracoabdominal aortic dissection in a patient with progressive dyspnea, dorsolumbar pain, and expanding aortic diameter over a 1-year period. METHODS: Pretreatment imaging evaluation showed that the false lumen supplied only the celiac trunk. Endovascular treatment combined (1) embolization of the first segment of the celiac trunk to avoid distal back-flow into the false lumen and (2) stent grafting to occlude the initial entry tear. RESULTS: The treatment resulted in technical and clinical success. The patient remains asymptomatic 12 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: Stent grafting offers an interesting therapeutic alternative to exclude the initial entry tear in aortic dissection and may be combined with other endovascular procedures.     

Contribution of diffusion‐weighted imaging to dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in the characterization of papillary breast lesions

Papillary lesions have a broad spectrum of appearances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC ) values of papillary lesions can be used to characterize lesion as benign or malignant. This retrospective study included 29 papillary lesions. Diagnostic values of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI), DWI ‐ADC , and DCE ‐MRI plus DWI ‐ADC were separately calculated. The malignant papillary lesions (0.744×10^?3 mm²/s) exhibited significantly lower mean ADC values than the benign lesions (1.339×10^?3 mm²/s). Addition of DWI to standard DCE ‐MRI provided 100% sensitivity. We hypothesized that this combination may prevent unnecessary excisional biopsies.     

Costs Induced by Hip Fractures: A Prospective Controlled Study in Belgium

The economic burden of hip fractures is thought to be important, but the excess medical costs they induce remain largely unknown. We assessed the direct medical costs induced by hip fractures during and after hospitalization. Hospital costs of 170 consecutive Belgian women with hip fracture were gathered. During the year following discharge, all medical costs were collected for the 159 hip fracture women who survived the acute hospitalization stay. A similar collection of data was performed on a comparison group of 159 age-and residence-matched women without a history of hip fracture. The mean cost of the acute hospital stay was C8667, and the mean 1-year hip-fracture-related extra costs after hospitalization was C6636. During the year following the acute hospital stay, 19% of the hip fracture women and 4% of the comparison women were newly admitted to nursing homes (p<0.001). Although health care costs increased with age, hip-fracture-related extra costs after hospitalization seemed similar in those below or above 81 years old. These extra costs amounted to C7710 in women not living in nursing homes at the time of fracture, and to C3479 in women who lived in nursing homes. Health or mental status before hip fracture seemed not to affect extra costs. Taking into account the higher mortality of women with hip fracture, the extra costs during the acute hospital stay and during the 1-year follow-up amounted to a mean C 15151. In conclusion, both acute hospital stays and subsequent medical care contribute significantly to medical costs induced by hip fractures. Received: 12 April 1999 / Accepted: 9 November 1999