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51.
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Society is currently on the threshold of a new revolution in understanding the interaction of genes and the environment. This research has profound implications for understanding occupational disease and will present ethical challenges to occupational health practice. The public must be educated about the potential promise, as well as the threats, posed by emerging genetic technologies. 相似文献
53.
Interrupting reperfusion as a stroke therapy: ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size after focal ischemia in rats. 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Heng Zhao Robert M Sapolsky Gary K Steinberg 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2006,26(9):1114-1121
Cerebral ischemic preconditioning protects against stroke, but is clinically feasible only when the occurrence of stroke is predictable. Reperfusion plays a critical role in cerebral injury after stroke; we tested the hypothesis that interrupting reperfusion lessens ischemic injury. We found for the first time that such postconditioning with a series of mechanical interruptions of reperfusion significantly reduces ischemic damage. Focal ischemia was generated by permanent distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion plus transient bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. After 30 secs of CCA reperfusion, ischemic postconditioning was performed by occluding CCAs for 10 secs, and then allowing for another two cycles of 30 secs of reperfusion and 10 secs of CCA occlusion. Infarct size was measured 2 days later. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in animals subjected to permanent MCA occlusion plus 15 mins of bilateral CCA occlusion, which demonstrates that postconditioning disturbed the early hyperemia immediately after reperfusion. Postconditioning dose dependently reduced infarct size in animals subjected to permanent MCA occlusion combined with 15, 30, and 60 mins of bilateral CCA occlusion, by reducing infarct size approximately 80%, 51%, and 17%, respectively. In addition, postconditioning blocked terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling-positive staining, a marker of apoptosis, in the penumbra 2 days after stroke. Furthermore, in situ superoxide detection using hydroethidine suggested that postconditioning attenuated superoxide products during early reperfusion after stroke. In conclusion, postconditioning reduced infarct size, most plausibly by blocking apoptosis and free radical generation. With further study it may eventually be clinically applicable for stroke treatment. 相似文献
54.
Noah A Goldman Ellen B Katz Alan S Glenn Richard H Weldon Joan G Jones Uticia Lynch Melissa J Fezzari Carolyn D Runowicz Gary L Goldberg Maureen J Charron 《Modern pathology》2006,19(11):1429-1436
Glucose is provided to cells by a family of glucose transport facilitators known as GLUTs. These transporters are expressed in a tissue specific manner and are overexpressed in many primary tumors of these tissues. Regulation of glucose transport facilitator expression has been demonstrated in endometrial tissue and endometrial adenocarcinoma. The following experiments were conducted to quantify and localize the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT8 in benign endometrium and compare this expression to endometrial cancer. Endometrial tissue samples were obtained from random hysterectomy specimens of patients with benign indications for surgery and endometrial cancer. Immunoblot and immunolocatization studies were performed using GLUT1 and GLUT8 specific antisera. Endometrial samples from 65 women who had undergone hysterectomy were examined (n=38 benign, n=27 malignant). A 44 and a 35.4 kDa immunoreacive species was demonstrated in endometrium and endometrial cancer for GLUT1 and GLUT8, respectively. Upregulation of GLUT1 expression was demonstrated with increasing grade of tumors (P<0.002). GLUT8 expression was increased in all tumor subtypes compared to atrophic endometrium (P<0.001). Apical localization by GLUT1 and GLUT8 was demonstrated in endometrial glands. GLUT1 and GLUT8 demonstrated diffuse intracellular localization in the cancer subtypes. GLUT1 and GLUT8 are expressed in both human endometrium and endometrial cancer. There appears to be a step-wise progression in GLUT1 and GLUT8 expression as tumor histopathology worsens. GLUT1 and GLUT8 may be important markers in tumor differentiation, as well as providing energy to rapidly dividing tumor cells. 相似文献
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Pamela E. B. Rodgers-Johnson Frederick W. Hickling Aggrey Irons Bruce K. Johnson Maureen Irons-Morgan Gary A. Stone Clarence J. Gibbs 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》1996,28(1-3):237-243
Reports of an 18-fold higher incidence of schizophrenia among second-generation Afro-Caribbeans, and especially Jamaican migrants
in the United Kingdom were soon called “an epidemic of schizophrenia,” with the inference that a novel virus, likely to be
perinatally transmitted, was a possible etiological agent. This intriguing observation led us to explore a possible link with
human T-cell lymphotropic virus type one (HTLV-I), because it is a virus that is endemic in the Caribbean Islands, is perinatally
transmitted, known to be neuropathogenic, and the cause of a chronic myelopathy (tropical spastic paraparesis/ HTLV-I associated
myelopathy). We therefore examined inpatients at the Bellevue Mental Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica and did standard serological
tests for retroviruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II and HIV-I and HIV-II on 201 inpatients who fulfilled ICD-9 and DSM III-R criteria
for schizophrenia. Our results produced important negative data, since the seropositivity rates for HTLV-I, the most likely
pathogen, were no greater than the seropositivity range for HTLV-I carriers in this island population, indicating that HTLV-I
and the other retroviruses tested do not play a primary etiological role in Jamaican schizophrenics. 相似文献
58.
59.
Shahriar Yazdanfar Gary S. Ledley Anthony Alfieri Clifford Strauss Morris N. Kotler 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》1993,28(1):72-75
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of heavily calcified rigid coronary arteries has decreased success and increased complication rates. Three cases are presented describing a new technique for the dilatation of severely calcified coronary arteries that were not dilatable by conventional angioplasty methods. This technique involves the use of a balloon dilatation catheter system parallel to a guide wire. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
60.
Michele Morin Doody Martha S. Linet Andrew G. Glass Gary D. Friedman Linda M. Pottern John D. Boice Jr Joseph F. Fraumeni Jr 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》1992,3(5):449-456
The role of selected prior medical conditions in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies was examined in a case-control study of members of two regional branches of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (USA). Past history of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal disorders was abstracted from medical records for leukemia (n = 299), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 100), and multiple myeloma (n = 175) cases and matched controls (n = 787). Little difference was found between cases and controls for most of the chronic conditions evaluated, including sinusitis, carbuncles, urinary tract infections, pelvic infections, herpes zoster, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bursitis, and gout. Only three statistically significant elevated risks were found, i.e., with combined disc disease myeloma among patients with prior eczema and disk and other musculoskeletal conditions, and NHL following tuberculosis. Only two of these associations showed consistent patterns by sex and geographic region (myeloma with eczema and with musculoskeletal conditions). While prior history of eczema and musculoskeletal conditions may slightly increase risk of myeloma, this study provided little if any support for an association of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal conditions with subsequent occurrence of the leukemias or NHL. Additionally, these data did not support a role for chronic antigenic stimulation, as defined in previous epidemiologic studies, in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies.Ms Doody and Drs Linet, Pottern, Boice, and Fraumeni are with the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute. Dr Glass is with the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon, USA. Dr Friedman is with the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region, Oakland, California, USA. Address correspondence to Ms Doody, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Room 408, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. This research was supported in part by National Cancer Institute contracts NO1-CP-01047, NO1-CP-01054, NO1-CP-11009, NO1-CP-11037, NO1-CP-31035, and NO1-CP-61006. 相似文献