Vascularisation des glandes surrénales

Résumé La glande surrénale de l'homme réunit deux structures initialement sans rapport physiologique. Cette dualité phyllogénique et embryologique se retrouve dans sa structure vasculaire de façon paradoxale. Les artères métamériques de l'organe phéochrome irriguent en priorité le cortex. L'axe veineux de l'ébauche mésenchymateuse draine le réseau des capillaires sinusoïdaux vers la médulla. Le réseau lymphatique est quasi inexistant au niveau de la médulla. Bien développé dans le cortex, il se draine presque exclusivement de façon centrifuge le long des axes artériels. A côté de son intérêt anatomo-chirurgical évident, l'étude de la vascularisation des glandes surrénales se doit de répondre aux besoins des investigations morphologiques vasculaires. La connaissance des variations artérielles et de leur fréquence, des territoires glandulaires de distribution, des voies anastomotiques de suppléance et des regroupements typologiques a retenu notre attention. Elle facilitera la lecture des artériographies globales toujours difficile dans le plan rétro-péritonéal. Elle guidera l'angiographie artérielle sélective. La phlébographie cave occlusive permet d'obtenir des opacifications remarquables des veines centrales, en particulier à gauche. Cette méthode est utile dans l'étude des tumeurs rétro-péritonéales et dans l'exploration des masses ganglionnaires lombo-aortiques susceptibles d'imprimer leur empreinte sur les structures veineuses. Elle a d'autant plus d'intérêt que la lymphographie pédieuse qui opacifie bien les chaînes latéro-aortiques gauche et latérocave à droite, ne permet pas, sauf reflux à contrecourant, une étude de l'important carrefour inter-aortico-cave sous-rénal. Des cathétérismes et des prélèvements électifs au niveau des différentes voies excrétrices de cette glande endocrine (veines et lymphatiques) peuvent aider à une meilleure connaissance de la physiologie et de la pathologie de l'organe. Les voies de dérivations veineuses des glandes surrénales ont été étudiées dans cet esprit.     

Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences in breast tumors of Australian and Vietnamese women.

PURPOSE: There is considerable evidence that the presence of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like gene sequences in human breast cancer is highly associated with human breast carcinoma. Previous studies have found MMTV-like gene sequences in 38% of breast cancer tissue from United States women. The prevalence of these sequences in Australian and Vietnamese women has never been reported. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using PCR and primers that amplify MMTV-like gene sequences, we tested cancerous and benign breast tissue from Caucasian-Australian, Vietnamese-Australian, and Vietnamese women. RESULTS: MMTV-like gene sequences were amplified in 19 of 45 (42.2%) archival breast cancer biopsy tissues from Caucasian-Australian women, but only 1 of 120 (0.8%) and 0 of 41 breast cancer biopsy tissues from Vietnamese and Vietnamese-Australian women, respectively. The same sequences were found in only 2 of 111 (1.8%) and 0 of 60 normal (benign) breast tissue samples from Australian and Vietnamese women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MMTV-like gene sequences are found in only some human populations and are rarely found in normal human breast tissue from all populations, suggesting they are not present in the normal human genome and have been acquired.     

Surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts in children

OBJECTIVE: Hydatid disease is a parasitosis and endemic in many sheepraising areas; it is still an important health problem in Turkey. We report our experience with childhood hydatid cyst and discuss the concepts of treatment. METHODS: The clinical courses of 128 children with thoracic and liver hydatid cyst operated on from 1994 to 2000 were reviewed. The group consisted of 71 boys and 57 girls aged from 8 months to 16 years. Intact cysts were found in 144 patients and ruptured cysts in 68. RESULTS: In the postoperative course we have encountered 20 perioperative complications in 16 patients. The most common complication was residual pleural space and delayed air leakage, which occurred in 9 patients. There was no early death. CONCLUSION: Surgery is the treatment of choice for most patients with pulmonary hydatid disease. The aim of surgery is evacuation of the cyst, removal of the endocyst, and management of the residual cavity. Conservative surgical methods that preserve lung parenchyma should be preferred.     

Two cases of macrocephaly and immune deficiency

Macrocephaly describes a head circumference greater than two standard deviations above the mean and is a feature of a number of genetic syndromes. Here we report on two patients with microcephaly, immune deficiency and anemia. In addition, one case had periventricular leukomalacia and the other case had myelinisation delay in periventricular white matter development. These cases may represent a distinct new syndrome.     

Assessment of the Fundamental Flexural Guided Wave in Cortical Bone by an Ultrasonic Axial-Transmission Array Transducer

The fundamental flexural guided wave (FFGW), as modeled, for example, by the A0 Lamb mode, is a clinically useful indicator of cortical bone thickness. In the work described in this article, we tested so-called multiridge-based analysis, based on the crazy climber algorithm and short-time Fourier transform, for assessment of the FFGW component recorded by a clinical array transducer featuring a limited number of elements. Methods included numerical finite-element simulations and experiments in bone phantoms and human radius specimens (n = 41). The proposed approach enabled extraction of the FFGW component and determination of its group velocity. This group velocity was in good agreement with theoretical predictions and possessed reasonable sensitivity to cortical width (r² = 0.51, p < 0.001) in the in vitro experiments. It is expected that the proposed approach enables related clinical application. Further work is still needed to analyze in more detail the challenges related to the impact of the overlying soft tissue.