Post-translational processing of thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor in rat brain: identification of 3 novel peptides derived from pro TRH

The sequence of rat hypothalamic pro-thyrotropin releasing hormone, deduced by sequencing of cDNA, in addition to 5 TRH progenitor genitor sequences contains leader, trailer and 4 intervening sequences separated by paired basic amino acid sequences. We have developed radioimmunoassays to synthetic peptides corresponding to portions of these cryptic proTRH sequences and have used these assays to identify and partially characterize proTRH peptides, distinct from TRH, in extracts of rat brain. Two of these peptides correspond closely in size to one intervening sequence and the car☐y-terminal sequence of proTRH. Three other peptides correspond to the intact amino-terminal leader sequence and two peptides formed by a further cleavage of the leader sequence at an internal paired basic amino acid sequence.     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤影像与病理诊断分析

目的 探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的影像及病理学的诊断要点。资料与方法 回顾分析11例经手术切除、病理学和免疫组织化学证实的胰腺实性一假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料，以比较其影像和病理学特点。结果 (1)本病多发于30岁以下女性，临床主要表现为腹痛。(2)CT、MRI表现为肿瘤内有实性和囊性结构，可分为3型；特征性表现为“浮云征”。(3)肿瘤大部分位于胰腺，多有完整包膜，不伴有胆总管扩张。(4)病理学特点为肿瘤实性部分由实性区、假乳头区及两者过渡区以不同比例混合而成。囊性区由坏死、液化、陈旧性出血组成。(5)肿瘤的囊实性结构是形成“浮云征”的病理基础。结论 胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤有相对特征性的影像和病理学表现，术后预后较好。     

精神病混合家系GRIK2基因多态性的关联研究

目的　在中国汉族人群混合家系中探讨GRIK2基因多态性与精神分裂症、心境障碍是否 关联。方法　采用PCR RFLP技术对GRIK2基因多态性rs6922753(T/C)和rs2227283(G/A)分型,进行 传递不平衡检验(TDT)。结果　(1)rs6922753多态性与精神分裂症(χ2=3.13,P>0.05)或心境障碍 (χ2=3.20,P>0.05)无关联,但在发病年龄≤25岁的患者中与两组疾病均相关联(P<0.05);(2) rs2227283多态性与精神分裂症(χ2=9.85,P<0.01)、心境障碍(χ2=13.50,P<0.01)呈显著关联;(3) 双位点TDT提示单体型TG、CA与精神分裂症、心境障碍相关联(P<0.05)。结论　在中国汉族人群 中GRIK2基因或邻近基因可能是精神分裂症和心境障碍的共同易患基因之一,并可能影响发病年龄。     

皮肤交界性平滑肌瘤的复发与恶性转化

目的探讨皮肤交界性平滑肌瘤的复发与恶性转化。方法复习2例皮肤交界性平滑肌瘤及其复发恶性转化的临床病理特征、免疫组化表型及相关文献。结果2例病变位于下肢和额部，肉瘤组织平滑肌标记阳性。结论少数病理诊断为皮肤平滑肌瘤的病例，虽然浅表且组织形态良性，但其生物学恶性潜能尚不能确定，部分病例复发后可转变为典型的平滑肌肉瘤。     

Correction of keratoconus with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses

This study analyzed the feasibility of fitting keratoconus-affected corneas with nonkeratoconus rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses. We retrospectively studied patients with a diagnosis of keratoconus in the past 10 years who were fitted successfully with nonkeratoconus RGP lenses by the same physician. Results confirmed nonkeratoconus RGP lenses as the first-line correction tool. Additionally, we found a simple equation to speed the choice of the base curves of the lenses. The authors have stated that they do not have a significant financial interest or other relationship with any product manufacturer or provider of services discussed in this article.     

Inhibitory effect of islet amyloid polypeptide of glucose-induced proinsulin biosynthesis in rat insulinoma cells.

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) has been recently identified as the principal constituent of amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and causes insulin resistance in some target cells. In addition, glucose-induced insulin secretion is inhibited by IAPP. We studied the effect of IAPP on proinsulin biosynthesis in rat insulinoma (RINr) cells. Glucose at concentrations of 0, 15, 30, 60, 100, and 300 mg/dl stimulated proinsulin biosynthesis in a dose-responsive and and actino-mycin D-inhibitable manner after 6 h of incubation. At a glucose concentration of 300 mg/dl, IAPP decreased the mean responses of proinsulin biosynthesis to 61.2 and 29% at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 microM, respectively, compared with the IAPP-free control. In conclusion, IAPP inhibits glucose-induced proinsulin biosynthesis in RINr cells. IAPP might play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Two pharmacologically and kinetically distinct transient potassium currents in cultured embryonic mouse hippocampal neurons.

Transient potassium currents in mammalian central neurons influence both the repolarization of single action potentials and the timing of repetitive action potential generation. How these currents are integrated into neuronal function will depend on their specific properties: channel availability at the resting potential, activation threshold, inactivation rate, and current density. We here report on the voltage-gated transient potassium currents in embryonic mouse hippocampal neurons dissected at embryonic days 15-16 and grown in dissociated cell culture for up to 3 d. Two transient potassium currents, A-current and D-current, were isolated based on steady state inactivation and sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and dendrotoxin (DTx). A-current had an activation threshold of approximately -50 mV and was half-inactivated at approximately -81 mV. A-current relaxations at voltages between -40 and +40 mV could be fit by single exponential functions with time constants of 20-25 msec; these time constants showed little sensitivity to voltage. In contrast, D-current had an activation threshold of between -40 and -30 mV and was half-inactivated at approximately -22 mV. D-current inactivation was voltage dependent; time constants of fitted exponential functions ranged from approximately 7 sec at -40 mV to 200 msec at +40 mV. A slower component of inactivation was also evident. D-current was preferentially blocked by 4-AP (100 microM) and DTx (1 microM). Operationally, A- and D-currents could be cleanly separated based on conditioning pulse potential and 4-AP sensitivity. Total transient potassium current amplitude increased during the time that neurons were in culture (recordings were made between 2 hr after dissociation and 3 d in culture). When normalized for cell capacitance (an index of membrane area), A-current density (pA/pF) decreased and D-current density increased, even during a period between days 1 and 3 when total transient current density remained constant. This observation suggests that A- and D-currents may be reciprocally modulated. Since blockade of D-current (with 100 microM 4-AP) increased both action potential duration and repetitive firing in response to constant current stimulation, long-term modulation of the A-current:D-current ratio may affect the excitability of hippocampal neurons.