Kostmann syndrome: oral aspects and 10‐year follow‐up case report

Kostmann syndrome (KS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a low neutrophil count and recurrent bacterial infections, including periodontal disease. This report describes the case of a 5‐year‐old female KS patient treated with regular infusions of granulocyte stimulating factor (granulokine), with primary complaint of gingival bleeding and tooth mobility, and followed up for 10 years. Conventional periodontal treatment and some extractions were performed, after neutrophil function tests using flow cytometry. The invasive procedures were carried out at an outpatient clinic under antibiotic prophylaxis due to a low neutrophil count and an impaired neutrophil function presented. During the 10‐year follow‐up period, despite episodes of recurrent gingivitis and periodontitis the present report describes the positive outcome of dental treatment of a patient with KS.     

Diagnosis of HIV infection on the basis of histoplasmosis‐related oral ulceration

Histoplasmosis is an endemic systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. In immunocompromised patients, histoplasmosis generally occurs as an opportunistic disease, with dissemination to various organs. Cutaneous involvement is observed in 38% to 85% of cases, with oral mucosal involvement in 30% to 60% of cases. This article describes the case study of a 32‐year‐old woman who presented an extensive tongue ulcer due to histoplasmosis and had the HIV infection diagnosis based on laboratory tests requested by the dentist.