Blood pressure in the arm and thigh of man: I. A study of averages,variations, and differences between thigh and arm

Blood pressure, pulse pressure, the difference of blood pressure in thigh and arm, and the pulse rate in 112 subjects in the horizontal posture showed great variability from person to person.The tendency of the diastolic blood pressure to increase while the systolic blood pressure remained essentially the same on changing from the horizontal to the standing position is in agreement with the results reported by others.Fifty-nine and five-tenths per cent of all blood pressures fell within 10 per cent, and 86.5 per cent fell within 20 per cent, of the average for the group. These results are almost identical with those of Strang.¹⁶Differential blood pressures between thigh and arm revealed a wide range of values; the average was 35 mm., systolic, and 27 mm., diastolic, for the horizontal posture. Assumption of the standing posture resulted in a differential pressure of 78 mm., systolic, and 66 mm., diastolic.No apparent correlation was noted between differential pressures and factors such as age, sex, or occupation.No significant differences were found between blood pressures in the left and right thighs of normal subjects.Knowledge of the range of blood pressure in the normal, nonhyperreacting subject, as contrasted to that in the normal, hyperreacting, or hypertensive, hyperreacting subject, is particularly important for those who are trying to evaluate therapeutic attempts to lower or raise the blood pressure.     

Blood pressure in the arm and thigh of man: III. Effect of venous engorgement

The production of congestion of an extremity by means of a tight cuff usually results in little change in systolic blood pressure, but, in some cases, it may result in considerable increase in diastolic pressure and a decrease in the intensity of the diastolic auscultatory sounds in that extremity. It is not known why some persons exhibit these tendencies, whereas others do not. Possible mechanisms are discussed.Slow or intermittent deflation of a blood pressure cuff below the level of systolic pressure may tend to increase the value of the diastolic blood pressure in some cases. Suggestions are offered to obviate this tendency.     

Use of the Location-Based Social Networking Application GRINDR as a Recruitment Tool in Rectal Microbicide Development Research

Mobile phone social networking applications such as GRINDR are potential tools for recruitment of men who have sex with men (MSM) for HIV prevention research. Demographics and sexual risk behaviors of men recruited through GRINDR and through traditional media were compared. GRINDR participants were younger (mean age 31 vs. 42, p?<?0.0001), more White identified (44 vs. 30?%, p?<?0.01), and had more sex partners in the previous 14 days (1.88 vs. 1.10, p?<?0.05) than other recruits. Email responses were less successful for enrollment than phone calls (5 vs. 50?%). This approach resulted in successful recruitment of younger and more educated, White identified MSM.