Therapeutic effect of regulating autophagy in spinal cord injury: a network meta-analysis of direct and indirect comparisons

Objective:An increasing number of studies indicate that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury,and that regulating autophagy can enhance recovery from spinal cord injury.However,the effect of regulating autophagy and whether autophagy is detrimental or beneficial after spinal cord injury remain unclear.Therefore,in this study we evaluated the effects of autophagy regulation on spinal cord injury in rats by direct and indirect comparison,in an effort to provide a basis for further research.Data source:Relevant literature published from inception to February 1,2018 were included by searching Wanfang,CNKI,Web of Science,MEDLINE(OvidSP),PubMed and Google Scholar in English and Chinese.The keywords included"autophagy","spinal cord injury",and"rat".Data selection:The literature included in vivo experimental studies on autophagy regulation in the treatment of spinal cord injury(including intervention pre-and post-spinal cord injury).Meta-analyses were conducted at different time points to compare the therapeutic effects of promoting or inhibiting autophagy,and subgroup analyses were also conducted.Outcome measure:Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan scores.Results:Of the 622 studies,33 studies of median quality were included in the analyses.Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan scores were higher at 1 day(MD=1.80,95%CI:0.81-2.79,P=0.0004),3 days(MD=0.92,95%CI:0.72-1.13,P<0.00001),1 week(MD=2.39,95%CI:1.85-2.92,P<0.00001),2 weeks(MD=3.26,95%CI:2.40-4.13,P<0.00001),3 weeks(MD=3.13,95%CI:2.51-3.75,P<0.00001)and 4 weeks(MD=3.18,95%CI:2.43-3.92,P<0.00001)after spinal cord injury with upregulation of autophagy compared with the control group(drug solvent control,such as saline group).Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan scores were higher at 1 day(MD=6.48,95%CI:5.83-7.13,P<0.00001),2 weeks(MD=2.43,95%CI:0.79-4.07,P=0.004),3 weeks(MD=2.96,95%CI:0.09-5.84,P=0.04)and 4 weeks(MD=4.41,95%CI:1.08-7.75,P=0.01)after spinal cord injury with downregulation of autophagy compared with the control group.Indirect comparison of upregulation and downregulation of autophagy showed no differences in Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan scores at 1 day(MD=-4.68,95%CI:-5.840 to-3.496,P=0.94644),3 days(MD=-0.28,95%CI:-2.231-1.671,P=0.99448),1 week(MD=1.83,95%CI:0.0076-3.584,P=0.94588),2 weeks(MD=0.81,95%CI:-0.850-2.470,P=0.93055),3 weeks(MD=0.17,95%Cl:-2.771-3.111,P=0.99546)or 4 weeks(MD=-1.23,95%Cl:-4.647-2.187,P=0.98264)compared with the control group.Conclusion:Regulation of autophagy improves neurological function,whether it is upregulated or downregulated.There was no difference between upregulation and downregulation of autophagy in the treatment of spinal cord injury.The variability in results among the studies may be associated with differences in research methods,the lack of clearly defined autophagy characteristics after spinal cord injury,and the limited autophagy monitoring techniques.Thus,methods should be standardized,and the dynamic regulation of autophagy should be examined in future studies.     

2型糖尿病伴非酒精性脂肪肝患者胰岛素抵抗与血清ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的关系

目的 研究2型糖尿病伴非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者胰岛素抵抗与ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3PUFA)的关系.方法 2型糖尿病伴NAFLD患者51例、单纯2型糖尿病患者50例、单纯NAFLD患者45例、健康对照组42例为研究对象.用高效气相色谱法测定所有研究对象的血清ω-3PUFA,HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评价胰岛素抵抗,同时检测所有对象的ALT、AST、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C等指标.结果 2型糖尿病伴NAFLD组的HOMA-IR(4.90±2.54)高于单纯2型糖尿病组(2.38±1.23)、单纯NAFLD组(2.20±1.15)及对照组(1.13±0.42),P值均<0.05;2型糖尿病伴NAFLD组的ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG和LDL-C高于单纯2型糖尿病组、单纯NAFLD组、对照组(P值均<0.05);2型糖尿病伴NAFLD组的ω-3PUFA总量[(5.68±2.02)%]显著低于单纯2型糖尿病组[(7.17±2.38)%]、单纯NAFLD组[(6.97±2.32)%]及对照组[(10.08±2.76)%],P值均<0.05;相关性分析显示,ω-3PUFA与HOMA-IR及TC、TG、LDL-C均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.491及-0.376、-0.462、-0.408,P值均<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病伴NAFLD患者血清ω-3PUFA总量显著下降,与胰岛素抵抗呈负相关,可能在疾病的发生发展中具有重要作用.     

基于直方图的纹理度量在超声乳腺肿瘤识别中的应用

探讨纹理特征在超声乳腺肿瘤诊断中的价值。提取超声图像中乳腺肿瘤的纹理度量,得到由均值、标准差、平滑度、三阶矩、一致性和熵组成的特征矢量,最后用反向传播人工神经网络（BP）对96幅乳腺肿瘤的良恶性进行分类识别。BP 神经网络对良、恶性肿瘤的正确识别率分别为88．4％和78．6％。基于乳腺肿瘤超声图像的纹理特征建立的神经网络系统对肿瘤的良恶性具有较好的识别能力。     

用于生物人工肝的肝细胞组织化培养

肝细胞是生物人工肝支持系统的核心。组织化培养的肝细胞具有比常规培养肝细胞更好的功能。本文就近年来肝细胞组织化培养的发展作一综述 ,并归纳了肝细胞组织化研究的发展方向     

Role of Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Epstein-Barr virus （EBV）-encoded latent membrane protein 1 （LMPI） has been known to have oncogenic properties during latent infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）. Our studies focused on the role of LMP1 in NPC, and showed that LMP1 triggers the NF-κB, AP-1 and STAT signaling pathways. Strikingly, LMP1 was found to mediate the formation of a new heterodimer between c-Jun and JunB. Also, we have identified JAK/STAT and PI-PLC-PKC activation triggered by LMP1 through upregulating the expression of JAK3 and enhancing the phosphorylation of STATo The constitutive activation of these signaling cascades explains LMP1＇s ability to induce such a diverse array of morphological and phenotypic effects in cells and provides insight into how LMP1 may induce cell transformation, in which multihit targeted genes in the downstream play an essential role. All signaling cascades triggered by LMP1 ultimately lead to the disruption of the cell cycle： the acceleration of G1/S phase and the arrest of G2/M phase. We also found that LMP1 induced the expression of hTERT and promoted cell immortalization. Importantly, by intervening physical intracellular signal transduction pathways and disturbing the progression of the cell cycle, LMP1, an important oncoprotein encoded by EBV, is thought to be a key modulator in the pathogenesis of NPC. Interfering LMP1 signaling could be a promising strategy to target the malignant phenotype of NPC. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.     

血液透析患者成纤维细胞生长因子23水平及相关性分析

目的观察维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者成纤维细胞生长因子23（fibroblast growth factor 23,FGF-23）的水平,分析其与全段甲状旁腺激素（intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH）等生化指标的关系,探讨FGF-23对MHD患者的临床意义。方法选取行MHD治疗的患者41例,健康志愿者12例为对照组,收集一般情况及化验指标,采集血清检测FGF-23,并进行相关性分析。结果①MHD各组与对照组年龄、性别无显著差异,但MHD患者FGF-23显著高于对照组[（1077.4±967.46）pg/ml比（73.99±19.58）pg/ml,P〈0.001];②依据甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）不同将MHD分为A组（低iPTH组）、B组（iPTH达标组）、C组（高iPTH组）;FGF-23在3组间有显著性差异,[分别为（477.44±2293.53）pg/ml、（176.57±402.39）pg/ml、（1433.1±1984.76）pg/ml,P=0.016];③将MHD患者依据血磷不同水平分组比较,观察到高血磷组与非高血磷组相比,iPTH显著升高[（1319.66±1015.96）pg/ml比（583.36±980.81）pg/ml（P=0.012）]、FGF-23也显著升高[（1506.83±957.97）pg/ml比（452.31±696.12）pg/ml（P〈0.001）];④相关性分析显示：血钙（r=0.381,P=0.005）、磷（r=0.593,P〈0.001）、钙磷乘积（r=0.656,P〈0.001）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）（r=0.276,P=0.045）均与FGF-23呈正相关。而iPTH在B组及C组与FGF-23呈正相关（r=0.384,P=0.005）,在A组与FGF-23无相关性。结论 MHD患者中FGF-23与血清钙、磷、钙磷乘积、ALP、iPTH密切相关,在继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT）的发生中起着重要作用。     

口腔链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用

目的 观测3种口腔链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的生长有无抑制作用.方法 采用直接点种法、反点种菌落计数法和液体共培养法观测口腔变异链球菌、血链球菌、唾液链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用.结果 1)直接点种法中各组均未观察到清晰的抑菌圈;2)唾液链球菌软琼脂上的白假丝酵母菌菌落数较对照组减少(P<0.05);3)活菌与白假丝酵母菌...     

学龄前儿童与成人汉语听觉失匹配反应的特征比较

目的考察学龄前儿童与成人汉语听觉失匹配反应(MMR)的特点。方法9 名学龄前健听儿童与8 名健听成人采用被动Oddball 模式进行事件相关电位测试,刺激为/bal/、/pal/辅音对。结果所有被试均诱发出明显MMR,成人表现为典型失匹配负波,学龄前儿童表现为宽大正向位移,出现的时间较晚,振幅较大。多因素方差分析显示,组别的主效应显著,学龄前儿童的MMR潜伏期长于成人,振幅大于成人(P<0.05)。结论获得了3~6 岁儿童和成人较为稳定、各具特点的MMR波形和指标值。     

家长对学龄前儿童发热知识认知及需求的调查研究

目的调查家长对学龄前儿童发热知识的认知和需求情况,为进一步做好发热知识的健康教育工作提供科学的理论依据．方法采用自行设计的学龄前儿童发热知识问卷,以无记名方式对528名学龄前儿童家长进行调查。结果家长对学龄前儿童发热的常规知识掌握较好,但是对儿童高热惊厥等急救知识及物理降温知识知晓率较低;高学历和文教卫生工作者的家长对学龄前儿童发热知识知晓率高;家长对学龄前儿童发热知识的需求较高;大多数家长选择阅读宣传小册子和上网学习获取发热相关知识。结论积极开展学龄前儿童发热知识的健康教育非常重要,医务工作者有必要加强对低学历的和非文教卫生工作者家长的宣教,并开发适合家长的学龄前儿童发热的健康资料。     

外源表达Nkx2-5基因诱导P19细胞向心肌分化

目的:构建人Nkx2-5基因融合绿色荧光蛋白真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1-Nkx2-5,探讨外源性Nkx2-5基因诱导P19细胞向心肌分化的作用。方法:以真核表达质粒pEFSA-HA-Nkx2-5为模板,PCR扩增得到人Nkx2-5基因,将目的片段亚克隆到pEGFP-N1载体,鉴定正确。将重组质粒pEGFP-N1-Nkx2-5以脂质体法转染P19细胞,G418筛选2周,聚集4d,贴壁培养16d。以免疫细胞化学检测desmin、α-sarcomeric actin和cardiac Troponin T(cTnT)的表达。结果:将Nkx2-5基因正确插入pEGFP-N1载体,外源表达Nkx2-5基因可使P19细胞在无诱导剂、聚集条件下表达desmin、α-sarcomeric actin和cTnT蛋白。结论:成功构建真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1-Nkx2-5,外源表达Nkx2-5基因诱导P19细胞向心肌分化。