增效联磺片的体外溶出度和体内生物利用度

建立了测定体外溶出介质中磺胺嘧啶(SD)、磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)和甲氧苄啶(TMP)及血浆中SD,SMZ,TMP和两个代谢产物N⁴-acetyl-SD和N⁴-acetyl-SMZ的反相高效液相色谱法,并对市售两种增效联磺片(片剂A和B)进行了体外溶出度和人体内生物利用度的研究。体外溶出度实验表明:两种片剂相同主药的T⁵⁰差异非常显著(P<0.001),片剂A主药的溶出比B快。生物利用度试验表明:片剂B相对于A的口服吸收分数为0.73(SD),0.78(SMZ)和0.83(TMP),口服片剂后各主药的体内过程符合表观一级吸收和一级消除的单室模型。     

Capsule endoscopy for screening for short-segment Barrett's esophagus

BACKGROUND: The rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has led to the development of new methods to screen for the precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus. AIM: To evaluate the potential role of esophageal capsule endoscopy in identifying the presence of short-segment Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: Patients with biopsy-proven short-segment Barrett's esophagus underwent esophageal capsule endoscopy. The images were reviewed by two expert observers with no knowledge of the purpose of the study. The data collected included transit time, quality of image, presence or absence of Z-line, Schatzki's ring, hiatal hernia, and Barrett's esophagus (long or short, definite or suspected). RESULTS: Twenty patients were studied; in 18, the capsule passed into the stomach. Barrett's esophagus was identified or suspected in eight cases (44%) by one observer and three (16%) by the second (P= 0.14). Although the Z-line was seen in the 18 cases that were qualified by both observers, there was an agreement in only six cases as to whether it was regular or irregular. Erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was scored as present in three and absent in six patients by both readers. Nonexisting feline esophagus, varices, and distal esophageal stricture were suspected in one patient each. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal capsule endoscopy had a high interobserver variability and a low yield for short-segment Barrett's esophagus. Esophageal capsule endoscopy cannot be recommended for screening for short-segment Barrett's esophagus.     

Revascularization versus apical barrier technique with mineral trioxide aggregate plug: A systematic review

Aim

To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes observed in Necrotic Immature Permanent Teeth (NIPT) after revascularization or apexification with MTA-apical plug.

Computed tomography: pathologic correlation in lung disease due to tocainide

High resolution computed tomography (CT) was used to demonstrate the active lung phase of a patient with tocainide pulmonary toxicity. Gallium uptake in the lungs, an interstitial pneumonitis with alveolar macrophages on transbronchial biopsy, and reversal of process with discontinuation of the drug indicate a pulmonary drug reaction. The high resolution CT scan defined alveolar and interstitial components to the lung abnormality and correlated closely with the pathologic findings. High resolution CT is a useful method for demonstration of fine lung morphology.     

Does periodontal treatment have an effect on clinical and immunological parameters of periodontal disease in obese subjects? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to answer the questions: (i) “Is periodontal treatment effective to improve clinical and immunological conditions in obese subjects?”; (ii) “Do obese subjects present different clinical and immunological response after periodontal therapy when compared to non-obese subjects?”

Methods

Searches were performed in six databases up to August 2014. Interventional studies were included if the following data were described: (1) Obesity/overweight assessment; (2) definition of periodontal disease; (3) periodontal therapy; (4) inflammatory marker in serum/plasma, and/or clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Assessment of quality was performed with the Downs and Black scale. Meta-analyses were conducted with the available data.

Results

Of 489 articles, 5 were included, and only 3 proceeded to meta-analysis of clinical outcomes. Included studies presented fair methodological quality. Statistical analysis demonstrated that periodontal therapy in obese subjects was effective to improve clinical outcomes. No clinical differences between post-therapy results of obese and non-obese were observed. Effects of periodontal therapy on inflammatory markers remain unclear.

Conclusions

Periodontal treatment seems to be effective to improve healing in obese individuals. No differences on periodontal healing between obese and non-obese subjects were observed; however, only limited and fragile base of evidence was available for analysis.

Clinical relevance

Periodontal treatment is effective to improve clinical and immunological periodontal parameters in adults. Also, obesity seems to not modify the periodontal healing after treatment.

     

Recommendations for HIV surveillance in Europe

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Europe is now at an important turning point. In western Europe, AIDS incidence has been declining since 1996, partly as a result of new, more effective treatment of HIV infections. As these treatments delay the progression of HIV