曲美他嗪对缺血性心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能与氧自由基代谢的影响

目的探讨曲美他嗪对缺血性心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能的影响,其作用与给药时间的关系。方法采用结扎左冠状动脉的方法,建立缺血性心力衰竭大鼠模型,对两组模型大鼠分别于术后24小时内及术后4周,给予曲美他嗪干预,与术后8周观察心脏指数、血流动力学改变,与假手术组及心衰对照组比较,同时比较SOD、MDA的改变。结果药物干预治疗的大鼠在心脏指数、血流动力学方面相比心衰组均有明显改善,并可以显著升高SOD活性,降低MDA水平,术后24小时应用曲美他嗪组改善更明显。结论曲美他嗪可以明显改善缺血性心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能,且早期应用效果更加明显。     

THE INFLUENCE OF CAPTOPRIL AND NALOXONE ON THE VALSALVA MANOEUVRE AND SYSTOLIC TIME INTERVALS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

1. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is mediated by endogenous opioids. Naloxone was used to evaluate the effects of the latter on systolic time intervals (STI) and Valsalva manoeuvre-induced blood pressure and heart rate changes. 2. Baseline recordings were done in 12 healthy male volunteers and repeated 2h after oral administration of 75 mg of captopril and again after naloxone 0.4 mg/kg was administered intravenously over 10 min. 3. After captopril there was a significant reduction in systolic (P<0.02) and mean blood pressure (P<0.04) without any changes in heart rate. Furthermore, captopril increased the Valsalva ratio (P<0.06) but did not influence inotropism as indicated by STI. Naloxone did not influence any of these findings. 4. The changes in the Valsalva ratio after captopril were mediated by an increase in the maximum bradycardia in nine of the 12 subjects. 5. The results indicate that endogenous opioids do not play a role in the putative sympatholytic effect of ACE inhibition.     

速度向量成像技术评价肥胖者颈总动脉弹性的研究

目的探讨速度向量成像（VVI）技术评价肥胖者颈总动脉（CCA）短轴方向管壁弹性的应用价值。方法选择健康志愿者30名,肥胖者40名,分别利用VVI技术分析右侧CCA管壁短轴方向二维图像上各节段的最大应变（Smax）以及最大应变率（SRmax）,用以评价其血管壁弹性差异。结果与对照组相比,肥胖组颈总动脉IMT显著增厚,血管各壁的Smax、SRmax显著降低（P〈0.05）,心率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 VVI技术可用于分析颈总动脉管壁弹性变化。VVI参数与IMT相结合利于全面评价颈总动脉的弹性状态。     

海藻糖对低温储存皮肤β-actin的mRNA转录水平及其蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察新型低温保护剂(cryoprotectant,CPA)海藻糖(trehalose)对皮肤骨架蛋白β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)表达及mRNA转录水平的调节作用,以了解在传统低温保护剂中添加海藻糖后是否优于单纯传统低温保护剂的作用。方法:实验将新鲜成人皮肤分为4组,分别经海藻糖-二甲基亚砜(T-D)、二甲基亚砜-丙二醇(D-P)、二甲基亚砜-去血清角质细胞培养液(D-K)、DMEM作为低温保护剂保存,-196℃液氮冻存7 d、14 d复温,设新鲜皮肤为对照组。采用免疫组织化学染色及W estern b lot方法观察β-actin蛋白表达、采用RT-PCR方法对不同低温保护剂保存后皮肤的β-actin基因水平进行深入的研究。结果:T-D组β-actin蛋白表达及基因转录与新鲜组相似(P>0.05),D-P作用其次,其余两组与新鲜组对比均降低明显(P<0.05)。结论:传统低温保护剂中添加海藻糖后对低温储存皮肤β-actin表达的保护作用优于单纯传统低温保护剂。     

小剂量安体舒通治疗顽固性高血压疗效分析

目的 评价在血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、钙离子拮抗剂和利尿剂方案上联合小剂量安体舒通治疗顽固性高血压的疗效.方法将本院112例符合顽固性高血压诊断标准的患者随机分为对照组(n=56)和试验组(n=56),两组均服用硝苯地平控释片、贝那普利和双氢克尿噻片,对照组加服卡维地洛12.5-50 mg/d,试验组加服安体舒通20-40 mg/d,两组疗程均为8周.结果随机、双盲治疗8周末,试验组SeSBP下降值为(14.6±2.42)mm Hg、SeDBP下降值为(9.6±1.53)mm Hg、血压控制率为80.3%;对照组SeSBP下降值为(10.4±2.18)mm Hg、SeDBP下降值为(7.2±1.79)mm Hg、血压控制率为53.6%,P值分别为0.028、0.079和0.003.与对照组相比,试验组治疗后血K+、血肌酐明显升高(0.41±0.05比0.11±0.07,7.96±2.26比0.89±0.02;P值分别为0.001和0.003),血Na+变化两组无统计学差异(P=0.169).结论 联合小剂量安体舒通治疗顽固性高血压可以有效降低患者的收缩压,提高血压控制率,但同时应注意密切监测患者血钾及血肌酐水平.     

影像导航引导鼻内镜下前颅底骨化纤维瘤切除术

目的 探讨影像导航系统在经鼻内镜切除前颅底骨化纤维瘤手术中的作用。方法 选择影像导航引导下经鼻内镜手术切除累积眶纸板、颅底骨质的筛窦骨化纤维瘤12例男性患者,初次手术9例,复发病例3例。术前行鼻窦CT连续扫描,骨算法,层厚1mm。结果 CT显示所有病例筛骨水平板、眶纸板受累。4例前界至额隐窝前缘（鼻骨后）;6例累及眶尖与蝶窦外侧壁交界处：1例广泛累及上颔骨、蝶骨大翼、蝶鞍和斜坡。11例彻底切除病灶,1例（病变广泛者）切除大部分肿瘤。平均手术时间3．2小时,影像导航配准过程平均25分钟。1例术中并发脑脊液漏,术中鼻内镜下修补成功;3例术中损伤眶纸板,无手术及术后并发症。术后随访5个月～4年,姑息手术病例肿瘤生长缓慢,其余病例无复发,症状明显改善。结论 借助影像导航引导,经鼻内镜手术切除累及眶纸板、前颅底骨质的骨化纤维瘤,具有一定优势,但病灶不应广泛侵及额隐窝、蝶骨及斜坡。     

Effects of androgens and estrogens on the vasopressin and oxytocin innervation of the adult rat brain

Recently we reported that castration of rats eliminates vasopressin immunoreactivity in the lateral septum and other areas that appear to receive vasopressin innervation from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Testosterone treatment counteracts this effect of castration. In the present study, we investigated whether this action of testosterone depends on its androgenic or estrogenic metabolites by treating long-term castrated rats with estradiol (E) and/or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or testosterone. The brains were then processed for immunocytochemistry or radioimmunoassay. DHT did not increase vasopressin staining in the lateral septum, although it fully restored the size of the seminal vesicles. E did restore the original fiber density, but individual fibers stained more weakly than in sham-operated males. Only treatment with both E and DHT fully restored the vasopressin innervation. This pattern was also reflected in the radioimmunoassay data. The vasopressin content of the lateral septum decreased about 90% after castration but was fully restored by either testosterone or E + DHT treatment. E alone, however, was only half as effective as E + DHT. The treatments had no effect on the oxytocin content of the septum, or on the vasopressin or oxytocin content of the dorsal vagal complex. The results suggest that E mediates most of the effects of testosterone on the vasopressin innervation of the lateral septum. DHT enhances the response to E but has little effect on its own.