A rat model for studying colonic cancer: Effect of cholestyramine on induced tumors

Summary Dimethylhydrazine, azoxymethane, and methylazoxymethanol are highly efficient intestinal carcinogens in the rat. Azoxymethane is the best, producing tumors in all rats. The lesions occurred in significant numbers in the small intestine when given at high dosage levels over a period of six months or more. The tumors tend to occur more in the proximal halves of both segments of the intestine. When the animals are fed a 2 per cent cholestyramine diet, there is a marked increase in the tumor yield and the increase is, for the most part, in the large intestine, especially its distal half. Investigations of the mechanisms whereby cholestyramine enhances tumor formation in the large intestine of the rat are continuing. We conclude that the rat given azoxymethane subcutaneously at weekly intervals while on a 2 per cent cholestyramine diet is an excellent experimental model for studies of colonic cancer. Read at the meeting of the American Proctologic Society, New York N. Y., June 11 to 14, 1972. Supported by Matilda R. Wilson Fund.     

Comparison of the load-deflection characteristics of 0.012″ heat-activated,superelastic and bent superelastic nickel titanium wires

Purpose

To compare the characteristics and load-deflection graphs of 0.012″ heat-activated NiTi, superelastic NiTi and bent (bends placed at 1, 2 and 3 mm) superelastic NiTi wires, focusing on force at 0.5 mm after deactivation after deflection by 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm.

Uvulopalatal flap for snoring on an outpatient basis.

OBJECTIVE: Snoring is now seen as one end of a spectrum of sleep-related breathing disorders, and in its extreme form, snoring can cause obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Since the introduction of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, many other procedures have been introduced to alleviate palatal abnormalities seen in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A reversible uvulopalatal flap (UPF) achieves the same results as the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty but with less postoperative discomfort. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of UPF for the treatment of simple snoring on an outpatient basis. METHODS: UFP was performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. The mucosa on the lingual surface of the uvula and soft palate was removed with cold knife dissection. The uvular tip was amputated. The uvula was reflected back toward the soft palate and sutured. Most of the patients were male with simple snoring by history and confirmed by polysomnographic study. Data on patients were compared from preoperative to postoperative assessment points. Statistic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients tolerated the procedure well, and it was performed in an average of 20 minutes. Patients had a mean age of 48 years and a mean body mass index of 26.5 kg/m(2). The mean follow-up was 14 months (range, 12 to 20 months). Significant improvement was observed in snoring scale (8.2 +/- 3.4 versus 2.6 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05). Mean snoring index decreased from 245.8 +/- 40.8 to 42.5 +/- 20.7 events/hr (P < 0.001). The correlations between the changes in the subjective and objective snoring assessments were statistically significant. Postoperative complications included transient nasal regurgitation (4%) and foreign body sensation (2%). Bleeding, dysphagia, infection, and nasopharyngeal stenosis were not observed. Most patients had mild to moderate pain (visual analog scale, 相似文献   

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients: outcomes and predictive factors

BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important rescue therapy for patients with refractory respiratory or circulatory failure. High cost and associated complications warrant careful case selection. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes and factors associated with mortality in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients who received ECMO support, and to externally validate preexisting ECMO survival prediction scoring systems.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients who received veno-venous (VV) or veno-arterial (VA) ECMO support at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) from 2010 to 2020. All relevant baseline patient characteristics including ECMO survival prediction scores were recorded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.ResultsOf a total of 65 patients, 34 (52%) were male, the median (IQR) age was 61 years (49–70 years), the median body mass index (BMI) was 22.6 kg/m² (20.6–28 kg/m²), and the median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 13 [11–16]. Forty-three patients (66%) received VV-ECMO, and 22 (34%) received VA-ECMO support. In-hospital mortality was 69%. Multivariate analysis identified a SOFA score >14, hospitalized >72 hours before ECMO initiation, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio <60, and pH <7.2 as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. These four parameters were combined to create the SHOP (S: SOFA >14, H: hospitalize >72 hours, O: PF ratio <60, and P: pH <7.2) score. Compared with three different preexisting ECMO survival prediction scoring systems, the SHOP score had the highest area under the curve (AUC) for predicting in-hospital mortality (overall: 0.873, VV-EMCO: 0.866, and VA-EMCO: 0.891).ConclusionsIn-hospital mortality among ECMO-supported patients was high at 69%. SOFA score >14, hospitalized >72 hours, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio <60, and pH <7.2 were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. A SHOP score of 2 or higher significantly predicts in-hospital mortality in EMCO-supported patients.Trial Registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov (reg. No. {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT 04031794","term_id":"NCT04031794"}}NCT 04031794).     

Small-scale in vitro culture and purification of Plasmodium berghei for transfection experiment

The standard protocol for genetic modification of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei requires infected blood from one or more laboratory mice, followed by large-scale in vitro parasite culture and purification of mature schizonts. Here, protocols are described for small-scale in vitro culture from 20 μL of mouse tail blood and purification of mature P. berghei schizonts sufficient for a single transfection experiment. All procedures are performed in 1.5-mL microcentrifuge tubes. We confirmed that transgenic parasites could be obtained using schizonts prepared by this protocol. This small-scale protocol provides significant advantages, namely reduction of parasite sample, laboratory consumables and mice for transfection experiments.     

Allozyme analysis of the temporal populations of Echinostoma revolutum collected from domestic ducks in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

Four temporal populations of Echinostoma revolutum (ER1, ER2, ER3, ER4) were collected from domestic ducks in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand during February-October 2008. The ER1, ER2, ER3 and ER4 were collected in February, April, June and October, respectively. The 12 enzymes encoding 15 loci were examined. Two loci were found in each of 3 enzymes, namely glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME) and peptidase valine-leucine (PEPA). Of these, three loci, namely, G6pd-1, Me-1 and PepA-2, were polymorphic. Genotypes were assigned for the specific allelic profiles detected at these three polymorphic loci. Twenty-eight genotypes were observed in the 4 temporal populations of E. revolutum. Three genotypes, Er22, Er23 and Er25, were found in all populations. The Er6 genotype occurred had the highest frequency of all the populations. These 28 genotypes were clustered into 3 groups with genetic differences of 2-12% among the loci. A cluster of genotypes (Er1, Er3, Er9 and Er12) showed the greatest genetic difference among the genotypes (12% difference). These results show intraspecific variation exists in E. revolutum populations in domestic ducks from Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.     

Prevalence of sleep apnea in HRH Princess Maha Chakri Srinthorn Medical Center,Thailand

Purpose  

Many studies have been conducted to find the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Western countries. Limited data have been demonstrated in Asian countries; however, no such data have been reported in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of OSA and their related factors in Thai adults.     

Long-term results of palatal implants for obstructive sleep apnea

Successful results of palatal implants in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been reported in the short term; however, there are limited data in the long-term results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results and to determine factors that predicted the responders in patients undergoing palatal implants in the treatment of OSA. A study was undertaken on 92 OSA patients. Palatal implants were conducted to stiffen the soft palate and data were analyzed. Patients tolerated the procedure well. They were examined between 26 and 32 months after the operation (mean 28.9 ± 4.8). Age range was 25–65 years (38.4 ± 10.5) and BMI was 27.3 ± 2.4 kg/m. The mean preoperative ESS score was 12.3 ± 2.6 and long-term ESS was 7.9 ± 1.8 (p < 0.001). The mean VAS for snoring in the baseline was 8.2 ± 1.2 and long-term VAS was 3.8 ± 2.3 (p < 0.001). The mean preoperative LSAT and long-term LSAT were 87.4 ± 6.7 and 89.2 ± 4.8%, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean AHI decreased from 21.7 ± 6.8 to 10.8 ± 4.8 (p < 0.001). Forty-eight (52.2%) patients had long-term surgical response. Responders had significantly lower preoperative BMI, AHI, and MMP level than non-responders. Implant extrusion occurred in seven patients (7.6%) and palatal abscess in one patient (1.1%). Bleeding and airway obstruction were not encountered. Palatal implants in carefully selected patients suffering from mild OSA, give fairly good long-term results and have a low complication rate.