Clinical comparison between the bleaching efficacy of light‐emitting diode and diode laser with sodium perborate

The aim of this clinical study was to test the efficacy of a light‐emitting diode (LED) light and a diode laser, when bleaching with sodium perborate. Thirty volunteers were selected to participate in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The initial colour of each tooth to be bleached was quantified with a spectrophotometer. In group A, sodium perborate and distilled water were mixed and placed into the pulp chamber, and the LED light was source applied. In group B, the same mixture was used, and the 810 nm diode laser was applied. The final colour of each tooth was quantified with the same spectrophotometer. Initial and final spectrophotometer values were recorded. Mann–Whitney U‐test and Wicoxon tests were used to test differences between both groups. Both devices successfully whitened the teeth. No statistical difference was found between the efficacy of the LED light and the diode laser.     

Efficacy of different solvents in removing gutta‐percha from curved root canals: A micro‐computed tomography study

The aim of this study was to compare the root filling material that remained after retreatment of curved root canals with chloroform and Endosolv R as solvents. The evaluation employed micro‐computed tomography (CT) imaging. Thirty‐six extracted molar teeth with curved roots were selected. After preparation with ProTaper rotary instruments, the canals were filled with gutta‐percha and AH26 sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to solvent used (n = 12) as follows: group 1: chloroform; group 2: Endosolv R; group 3: no solvent (negative control). ProTaper Universal Retreatment files were used to remove each root canal filling and then the self‐adjusting file was applied for two minutes. Preoperative and postoperative micro‐CT images were used to assess the percentage of residual filling material. The mean percentage of residual filling material was quantified. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of percentage volume of residual root canal filling.     

Oral health behaviors and metabolic syndrome: the 2008–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Objectives

This study examined whether oral health behaviors are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults involved in the 2008–2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Materials and methods

A total of 18,742 subjects (8,034 men and 10,708 women) were included. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement for Asians. Oral health behavior was assessed using a questionnaire included in the KNHANES.

Results

Subjects with MetS brushed their teeth less frequently and used fewer secondary oral products than subjects without MetS (p?<?0.01). As frequency of toothbrushing and number of secondary oral products increased, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and white blood cell count decreased, but high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol increased (all p for trend <0.01). In the multivariable logistic regression models, as frequency of toothbrushing increased, the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS, abdominal obesity, and hyperglycemia are more than one after adjusting for age, gender, education, income, alcohol and tobacco use, physical activity, and the components of MetS. The ORs for MetS, abdominal obesity, and high blood pressure were more than one in subjects who do not use dental floss after adjusting for all covariates.

Conclusion

MetS is associated with infrequent daily toothbrushing and disuse of dental floss in South Korean.

Clinical relevance

Dentists may recommend evaluation for MetS in the patients with infrequent daily toothbrushing and disuse of dental floss.     

Three-year randomized clinical evaluation of a low-shrinkage silorane-based resin composite in non-carious cervical lesions

Objective

The clinical suitability of low-shrinkage resin composites for class V cavities has not been investigated in vivo. The purpose of this double-blind randomized clinical trial was to compare the clinical performances of low-shrinkage resin composite Filtek silorane and nanoceramic resin composite Ceram X mono in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) over 36 months.

Materials and methods

Two calibrated operators restored 144 NCCLs in 24 patients by using Filtek silorane with silorane system adhesive (FS/SSA) and Ceram X mono with Clearfil SE (CXM/CSE) or XP bond (CXM/XPB). Then, two blinded, calibrated evaluators assessed the restorations at the baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months thereafter by using the modified US Public Health Service criteria. Data were analyzed with the Freidman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at a significance level of 5 % (P?<?0.05).

Results

No restoration was associated with postoperative sensitivity or secondary caries. Further, no group showed significant changes until 12 months. The retention rates of the FS/SSA (97.5 %), CXM/CSE (97.5 %), and CXM/XPB (92.31 %) restorations did not differ significantly (P?>?0.05). Six (4 CXM/XPB, 1 FS/SSA, and 1 CXM/CSE) of the 121 restorations evaluated at 36 months were completely lost. However, no significant intergroup differences were observed in the other evaluation criteria.

Conclusion

The 3-year clinical performances of the restorative materials in NCCLs were not significantly different.

Clinical relevance

Filtek silorane is suitable for restoring NCCLs.     

Advancing Biomarker Development Through Convergent Engagement: Summary Report of the 2nd International Danube Symposium on Biomarker Development,Molecular Imaging and Applied Diagnostics; March 14–16, 2018; Vienna,Austria

Molecular Imaging and Biology - Here, we report on the outcome of the 2nd International Danube Symposium on advanced biomarker development that was held in Vienna, Austria, in early 2018. During...     

Management of diabetic foot infections in the light of recent literature and new international guidelines

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In May 2019 the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) launched their quadrennially updated guidelines on the management of diabetic foot infections (DFIs). Concomitantly, the number of new publications regarding DFI increased.

Areas covered: The IWGDF committee developed and addressed key questions and produced evidence-based recommendations related to diagnosing and treating DFIs. This narrative review provides an overview of this new guideline and also of other recently published literature in the field of DFIs.

Expert opinion: The 2019 IWGDF guidelines provide an authoritative, international, evidence-based approach to diagnosing and treating DFIs. The 27 recommendations are supported by systematic reviews of both diagnosis and interventions. Our review of this guideline, along with other recent publications in the field, allows us to offer state-of-the-art guidance for caring for these difficult infections. As the evidence base for management of DFIs remains suboptimal, we need further research to improve the management of DFIs.     

Electrical stimulation promotes the proliferation of human keratinocytes,increases the production of keratin 5 and 14, and increases the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases

Effective wound healing remains a significant clinical challenge in reducing patient morbidity and improving quality of life. Wound healing is a complex process involving the endogenous electrical field. The electrical field can contribute to wound healing by activating keratinocytes to promote reepithelialization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous electrical stimulation (ES) on human keratinocyte viability and proliferation and on production of IL‐6, IL‐8, and keratins (K5 and K14) and to investigate the activated signalling pathways in keratinocytes exposed to ES. Keratinocytes were cultured under ES at different intensities for 6 or 24 hr. Cell proliferation, cytokines and growth factors, K5 and K14, as well as phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases, were evaluated. The results showed that the keratinocytes exposed to ES between 100 and 150 mV/mm for 6 or 24 hr showed a significantly increased proliferation rate. However, a 24 hr exposure to 200 mV/mm revealed no significant effect in cell growth. ES at 100 and 200 mV/mm for 6 hr increased the secretion of epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and the production of K5 and K14. K14 was more sensitive than K5 to ES. However, ES down‐regulated the secretions of IL‐6 and IL‐8. Finally, ES increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases. Overall results suggested that ES can be useful in supporting skin wound healing by activating keratinocytes.     

Relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary heart disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and considered a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It is in close relationship with insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, all of which increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides, many studies point out that NAFLD independently contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and CHD. On the other hand, CVDs are the leading cause of death in NAFLD patients. Many pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanisms play an important role in NAFLD for CVD formation. Atherosclerosis is common in NAFLD, which also mainly contributes to the CVD formation and CHD. Many studies linking atherosclerotic CHD and NAFLD are present in the literature. Subclinical CHD, mainly detected by coronary computed tomography views, have been detected more common in NAFLD patients. Presence of NAFLD has been found to be more common in patients with severe CHD and in stable CHD, NAFLD has been found to be associated with more diffuse disease. In acute coronary syndromes, especially in acute myocardial infarction, patients with NAFLD have been found to have poor prognosis when compared with NAFLD free patients. In this review, our aim is to evaluate the relationship between NAFLD and CHD in detail and go over the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this relationship.     

Examination of joint space by magnetic resonance imaging in anatomically normal knees

The medial and lateral knee joint spaces of 184 patients who had anatomically normal knees were measured by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method. The findings were compared according to age, sex, height, and body mass index changes of the individuals and the mean values of medial and lateral knee joint spaces were calculated in every group. The results show that in an anatomically normal population, all the individuals have larger lateral knee joint spaces than medial knee joint spaces. The patients lose knee joint space regularly with increasing age. Children have larger knee joint spaces than adults. Men have larger knee joint spaces than women. The knee joint space size of the patients increase regularly with increasing height up to 180 cm. The patients, who are taller than 180 cm do not show any marked difference in joint space size, when compared with the patients whose heights differ in between 171–180 cm. Knee joint space size is not related to the body mass index of the individual. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.