术中大剂量放疗治疗局部复发头颈癌

该文旨在介绍Beth Israel医疗中心采用大剂量术中放疗(HDR-IORT)治疗复发头颈癌的经验。对2001-2010年间头颈癌局部复发接受大剂量HDR-IORT的患者进行回顾分析。结果,76例患者的87个部位在肿瘤切除后接受了治疗。术后2年控制率为62%。平均总生存期为19个月,其中42%的患     

Surface antigens on malignant Sezary and T-CLL cells correspond to those of mature T cells

Tumor cells from eight adult patients with T-cell chronic malignancies were investigated with a series of monoclonal antibodies recognizing T- cell differentiation antigens. This series allowed definition of discrete subpopulations of mature T cells with functional specialization. All six patients with Sezary syndrome and one patient with T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia had cells with the same phenotype as normal helper/inducer T cells, whereas the other patient with T- chronic lymphocytic leukemia had cell with the same phenotype as normal cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. Some clinical manifestations observed in these patients may reflect retention of functional activities by their malignant cells.     

Membrane fluidity changes accompanying phagocytosis in normal and in chronic granulomatous disease polymorphonuclear leukocytes

We have studied membrane fluidity changes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during phagocytosis. Membrane fluidity was assessed by electron spin resonance (ESR) using a nitroxide-substituted stearic acid analog (5DS) as a spin probe. PMN from normal subjects and from 3 CGD patients (2 males, 1 female) were incubated in Kreb's Ringers phosphate with or without opsonized zymosan. ESR spectra were obtained and the order parameter (S), which is inversely related to membrane fluidity, was calculated. Without zymosan addition, S for normal (0.638) and for CGD (0.635) were not significantly different (p less than 0.35). The S values indicate that under resting conditions the molecular environment of the CGD membrane is similar to that of normal PMN membranes. However, with addition of opsonized zymosan, the normal, but not the CGD, PMN showed a significant increase (CGD, S = 0.638; normal, S = 0.647; p less than 0.001). This change in S for the normals is consistent with a more restricted movement of 5DS. Treatment of normal PMN with a mixture of scavengers specific for H2O2 (catalase, 1600 U/ml), O2-.(superoxide dismutase, 100 micrograms/ml), and for HO., (sodium benzoate, 1mM) during zymosan stimulation gave S values similar to those of resting cells. Catalase alone also lowered S value, suggesting that H2O2 was instrumental in causing the initial S value increase. This idea was supported by studies in which CGD cells were incubated with zymosan in the presence of glucose oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes glucose oxidation resulting in the direct reduction of molecular oxygen to H2O2. Our results indicate that reduced O2 by- products, particularly H2O2, can cause altered biophysical properties of PMN membrane during phagocytosis.     

Calcium-binding proteins in the circadian centers of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) brains

The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) are considered to be the main centers of the mammalian circadian timing system. In primates, the IGL is included as part of the pregeniculate nucleus (PGN), a cell group located mediodorsally to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. This work was carried out to comparatively evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D-28k (CB), parvalbumin (PV), and calretinin (CR) into the circadian brain districts of the common marmoset and the rock cavy. In both species, although no fibers, terminals or perikarya showed PV-immunoreaction (IR) into the SCN, CB-IR perikarya labeling was detected throughout the SCN rostrocaudal extent, seeming to delimit its cytoarchitectonic borders. CR-IR perikarya and neuropil were noticed into the ventral and dorsal portions of the SCN, lacking immunoreactivity in the central core of the marmoset and filling the entire nucleus in the rock cavy. The PGN of the marmoset presented a significant number of CB-, PV-, and CR-IR perikarya throughout the nucleus. The IGL of the rocky cavy exhibited a prominent CB- and CR-IR neuropil, showing similarity to the pattern found in other rodents.By comparing with literature data from other mammals, the results of the present study suggest that CB, PV, and CR are differentially distributed into the SCN and IGL among species. They may act either in concert or in a complementary manner in the SCN and IGL, so as to participate in specific aspects of the circadian regulation.     

炎宁冲剂的抗炎与解热作用研究

目的：研究炎宁冲剂的抗炎与解热作用。方法：采用角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖炎性肿胀。二甲苯致小鼠耳毛细血管通透性增高,以及大鼠皮下羧甲基纤维素囊中白细胞出游等急性炎症模型研究炎宁冲剂的抗炎作用。采用啤酒酵母液引起家兔发热的方法研究炎宁冲剂的解热作用。结果：炎宁冲剂对以上实验动物均具有明显的抗炎和解热作用。结论：炎宁冲剂对急性炎症具有明显的抗炎作用。对啤酒酵母液引起家兔发热具有明显解热作用。     

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptors in human acute myelocytic leukemia

The binding of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to normal and human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells was investigated with radiolabeled recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF). In all 14 cases of primary AML specific receptors for G-CSF were demonstrated on purified blast cells. The average numbers of G-CSF receptors ranged from very low to 428 receptors per cell (mean). Normal granulocytes showed G-CSF binding sites on their surface at higher densities (703 to 1,296 sites per cell). G-CSF receptors appeared to be of a single affinity type with a dissociation constant (kd) ranging between 214 and 378 pmol/L for AML blasts and 405 to 648 pmol/L for granulocytes. In 12 of 14 cases, including those with relatively low specific binding, G-CSF was a potent inducer of DNA synthesis of blasts in vitro; therefore, apparently relatively few receptors are required to permit activation of AML cell growth. However, in two cases cell cycling was not activated in response to G-CSF despite G-CSF receptor availability. The results show that G-CSF receptors of high affinity are frequently expressed on the blasts of human AML, but their presence may not be a strict indicator of the proliferative responsiveness of the cells to G- CSF.     

Critical role of CD28/B7 costimulation in the development of human Th2 cytokine-producing cells

CD28 is a major costimulatory signal receptor for T cells. We have used human naive CD4+ cells from cord blood to analyze the effect of the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway on development of T helper (Th) subsets. We show that CD28 costimulation is critical for development of the Th2 cytokine-producing cells and that in the absence of CD28 costimulation, cells are not primed to produce Th2 cytokines and consequently "default" to the Th1 subset, independent of the presence of exogenous cytokines. After CD28 costimulation, cells differentiate into a subset that produces Th2 cytokines. However, further CD28 costimulation is not required to maintain Th2 cytokine production. We conclude that D28 costimulation is critical for the development of Th0 and Th2 subsets, but not for the maintenance of cytokine production.