Distal unlocked proximal femoral intramedullary nailing for intertrochanteric femur fractures

We investigated whether a proximal femoral nail (PFN) having two lag screws can be implanted without distal locking screws in AO/OTA 31-A1 and 31-A2 intertrochanteric femur fractures. Twenty-four patients with AO/OTA 31-A1 and 31-A2 fractures were treated with a PFN without distal interlocking by a single surgeon. The mean follow-up was 12 months (range: 7–23). Clinical and functional outcome was assessed according to the Harris hip score and Barthel’s activity score. The fractures healed in all patients; the average consolidation time was 14 weeks (range: 9–28). Fourteen patients had excellent and good results, nine patients had fair results, and one patient had a poor result according to the Harris hip score; 17 patients had a high range of mobility according to the Barthel activity score. Our results suggested that the PFN can be successfully implanted without distal interlocking in 31-A1 and 31-A2 fractures.     

Perfusion computed tomography could be a new tool for single-session imaging of ureteric obstructive pathology: an experimental study in rats

Background/Purpose

Perfusion imaging redefines computed tomography (CT) as a technique that can now depict vascular physiology in addition to detailed anatomy. The major clinical applications of perfusion CT are in acute stroke and oncology. Currently, there are very limited data on the application of perfusion CT in urology. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential value of perfusion CT in anatomic and functional evaluation of obstruction in a single session on experimental hydronephrosis model in rats. Thus, we evaluate the perfusion CT in a new clinical application.

Methods

Twenty-eight rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups each consisting of 7 rats. At the third week of experimental intervention, postoperative renogram curves and perfusion parameters of the right kidneys' cortex and pelvis were assessed by CT. The right ureter was sutured as proximal complete obstruction in group 1, as distal complete obstruction in group 2, and as proximal partial obstruction in group 3. Group 4 served as the sham control group. Computed tomography was performed with single-slice tomography. Dynamic examination was performed with the help of perfusion software through contrast-enhanced tomography examination.

Results

In all study groups, the aorta time/density curves showed a rapid increase after a rapid decrease, and the duration to reach peak concentration in the normal kidney cortex was observed to be later than the aorta as expected. In groups 1, 2, and 3, the duration to reach peak concentration lengthened and the peak concentration values decreased. The time/density curves gradually increased as a result of the accumulation of the contrast agent in the pelvis, and a peak was observed at the end of the procedure in all study groups. In groups 1, 2, and 3, a statistically significant decrease (P = .01, P = .01, and P = .01, respectively) was observed in the peak concentration values of the contrast agent in comparison to group 4. The flow and blood volume values gradually decreased as the grade of the obstruction increased and the localization of the obstruction or grade of obstruction moved closer to the kidney.

Conclusion

In conclusion, perfusion CT technique, performed in a single session, is a useful method for anatomic visualization, together with functional evaluation, in the diagnosis of ureteric obstructive pathology of experimental hydronephrosis model.     

The effect of notchplasty in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a biomechanical study in the porcine knee

Introduction

Notchplasty is frequently performed by many orthopaedic surgeons during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The effect of notchplasty on tunnel placement and knee biomechanics with ACL reconstruction is not known.

Methods

Twelve (n = 12) porcine knees were tested using a robotic testing system. Four knee states were compared: (1) intact ACL, (2) ACL-deficient, (3) anatomic single bundle (SB) ACL reconstruction and (4) anatomic SB ACL reconstruction with a 5-mm notchplasty. The graft was fixed at 60° of flexion (full extension of porcine knee is 30°) with an 80-N tension. The knees were subjected to two loading conditions: an 89-N anterior tibial load (ATT) and 4 Nm internal (IR) and external tibial (ER) rotational torques. The kinematics and in situ force obtained from the different knee conditions were compared.

Results

There were no significant differences between pre- and post-notchplasty in the ER at 30° and 60° of knee flexion (n.s.). However, a significant difference was found between pre- and post-notchplasty in ATT at 30° and 60° of flexion (p < 0.05). The in situ force in the anatomic SB reconstruction with notchplasty was significant lower than the intact and anatomic reconstructed ACL pre-notchplasty at 30°, 60° and 90° of knee flexion (p < 0.05). In response to the IR tibial torque, there were significant differences between pre- and post-notchplasty in IR at 60° (p < 0.05) of knee flexion.

Conclusion

Notchplasty had greater effect on anterior stability than rotational stability. This change in knee kinematics could be detrimental to a healing bone graft, ligamentization and could lead to failure of the reconstruction in early post-operative period.     

Porcine small intestinal submucosa as a carrier for skin flap prefabrication

The feasibility of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as a carrier in skin flap prefabrication was examined in this study. Thirty-eight rats were randomly divided into five groups. The saphenous vascular bundle was used as the vascular carrier. In group 1 (n = 8), an arteriovenous fistula was made by anastomosis of distal saphenous artery and vein. A SIS patch (1.5 x 2 cm2) was placed underneath the vascular bundle. In group 2 (n = 8), the vascular bundle was isolated and laid over the SIS patch. The distal saphenous vessels were ligated when the flap was raised. In group 3 (n = 8), an arteriovenous fistula was made without SIS implant. In group 4 (n = 8), the flap was raised with only the vascular bundle with the distal end ligated. After 2 weeks of maturation, the flap was raised with only the vascular bundle. In group 5 (n = 6), SIS was implanted and the flap including the SIS patch was raised and replaced without the vascular pedicles. The survival of the flaps and histology were evaluated at 5 days after flap replacement. The results showed that the average survival area in group 1 was 99% +/- 3% and the survival area in group 2 was 86% +/- 16%. The mean survival areas in group 3 and 4 were 60% +/- 9% and 25% +/- 10%, respectively. No flap survival was observed in the group 5. These were significantly lower than in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Histology showed that SIS patch was incorporated into the adjacent connective tissue and increased amounts of neovascularization were seen between the collagenous sheets and dermis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that porcine SIS can incorporate into the adjacent tissue and induce angiogenesis in flap prefabrication. This biomaterial can provide a scaffold for supporting and enhancing the survival of vascular prefabricated skin flap.     

项五针治疗椎动脉型颈椎病临床研究

目的:观察项五针治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:将71例椎动脉型颈椎病患者随机分为观察组37例与对照组34例。观察组采用项五针;对照组采用常规取穴。分别在治疗前、治疗5次、治疗10次后应用颈性眩晕症状与功能评估表(evaluation scale for cervical vertigo,ESCV)评价症状改善情况;治疗10次后比较两组临床疗效。结果:治疗5次后两组ESCV评分较治疗前差异均有统计学意义(P0.01、P0.05)。两组治疗10次后较治疗前ESCV评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组痊愈率为54.0%,优于对照组的23.5%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:项五针能提高患者的ESCV评分,优于常规针刺,且具有起效快、痊愈率高、无不良反应等特点。     

Liver transplantation for Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism characterized by reduced biliary copper excretion, which results in copper accumulation in the tissues with liver injury and failure. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) can be lifesaving for patients with Wilson's disease who present with fulminant liver failure and for patients' unresponsive to medical therapy. The aim of this study was to review our experience with OLT for patients with Wilson's disease. Between September 2001 and April 2007, 25 OLTs were performed in 24 patients (7 females and 17 males) with Wilson's disease of mean age 15.6 +/- 9.9 years (range, 5-51 years). Six patients underwent transplantation owing to coexistent fulminant hepatic failure and 18 with chronic advanced liver disease with (n = 8) or without (n = 10) associated neurologic manifestations. We performed 3 full-size, deceased-donor OLTs and 22 living-related donor OLTs. Eight patients had a family history of Wilson's disease. We detected a Kayser-Fleischer ring in 18 patients. All patients had a low serum ceruloplasmin level (mean, 27.8 mg/dL) and a high urinary copper excretion level (mean, 4119 mug/d) before OLT. Following successful OLT, there was a significant reduction in urinary copper excretion (median, 37.1 mug/d) in all patients. Mean follow-up was 21.7 +/- 19.8 months (range, 2-60 months). Retransplantation was required in 1 patient at 12 days after the first OLT owing to primary graft nonfunction. Five of the 24 patients died within 4 months of the surgery. The remaining 19 survivors (79%) have remained well, with normal liver function and no disease recurrence. In conclusion, OLT was a curative procedure for Wilson's disease among patients presenting with fulminant hepatic failure and others with end-stage hepatic insufficiency. After OLT, the serum ceruloplasmin level increased to the normal range, urinary copper excretion decreased, and neurologic manifestations improved.     

Evaluation of genitofemoral nerve motor conduction in inguinoscrotal pathologies

Aim

Inguinoscrotal pathologies are commonly seen in childhood. The genitofemoral nerve (GFN) is responsible for sensitive innervations of scrotal region and the motor innervations of cremasteric muscle. GFN also innervates the afferent and efferent pathways of cremasteric reflex. A prospective study was performed to evaluate the possible relation between inguinoscrotal pathologies and GFN motor functions.

Methods

Patients with inguinal hernia, hydrocele, undescended or retractile testicles, aged between 2-12 years were enrolled in the study. Bilateral latency and duration of GFN motor conductions (GFNMC) were obtained electrophysiologically by surface electrodes. GFNMC recordings of non-pathological sides were assessed as control group. Latency and duration of each group were compared with control group (Mann-Whitney U test). P values lower than .05 were considered significant.

Results

Seventy-three electrophysiologic evaluations were investigated in inguinal hernia (n:18), hydrocele (n:9), undescended testicle (n:14), retractile testicle (n:12) and control (n:20) groups. There was no age difference between groups and controls. Latency was significantly prolonged in inguinal hernia group when compared with control group (P = .028). Although the latencies were shortened in undescended testicle group, no significant difference detected (P > .05).

Conclusion

Prolonged latencies in inguinal hernia may be a result of nerve trap caused by hernia sac. GFN motor functions showed no causative role in other inguinoscrotal pathologies. It can be also suggested that clinical features of other inguinoscrotal pathologies were not affected by GFN motor functions. Electrophysiological studies in younger age groups with large number of patients are needed to support our suggestions.     

脐血库建立中脐血筛选标准的制定及意义

目的探讨脐血筛选标准的制定及在脐血库建立中的意义.方法按脐血采集量、总有核细胞数、细胞活率、病原学感染、有无凝块等作标准进行脐血采集筛选,分析筛选后库存脐血的质量.结果1998年6月至1999年12月共采脐血1625例,合格899例,占55.3%.其中879例分离冻存,占54.1%;不合格726例,占44.7%,不合格原因主要为脐血采集量少、有凝块、细胞活率低、超时送检、总有核细胞数低等.879例库存脐血总有核细胞数平均为1.236×109,平均有效移植体重为33.4kg,88.9%的库存脐血能满足体重为20kg以上的患者移植.脐血细菌培养共检出4例阳性,巨细胞病毒抗体3例阳性,人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(HIV-1/2Ab)、EB病毒抗体(EBV-IgA)、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(HCV-Ab)均为阴性.9例脐血移植中6例获得植入.结论脐血筛选标准的制定可节省建库费用,提高库存脐血质量,使库存脐血均符合临床移植要求,在脐血库的建立中起着重要作用.     

肝细胞癌组织中CD15 mRNA与CD44v6 mRNA的表达

目的: 研究CD15mRNA表达与肝细胞癌(HCC)侵袭转移和预后的关系,以及与CD44v6mRNA表达的相关性 。方法: 应用原位杂交和免疫组织化学方法,检测分析HCC组织中CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6mRNA的表达情况 。结果: 99例HCC中,CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6阳性率表达分别为38.4%、36.4%和41.4%。CD15mRNA表达与其蛋白表达一致,与CD44v6mRNA表达关联性密切。CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6mRNA表达,均与HCC侵袭转移倾向和病人预后相关 。结论: 检测CD15表达有可能成为HCC侵袭转移和预后判断的一项新的病理生物学指标。     

网状镍钛合金内支架植入治疗高危前列腺增生症尿潴留

目的初步探讨尿道金属内支架植入术治疗高危前列腺增生症（BPH）尿潴留的疗效。方法对56例高危BPH尿潴留患者采用网状镍钛合金支架进行尿道内支架植入术进行治疗。术后随访6～30个月。结果56例患者全部一次植入成功；54例立即自行排尿，另2例留置导尿管3天后自行排尿。术前测定IPSS平均为（26±4．2）分，RUV为（148±13．5）ml；术后随访期间IPSS平均（7．3±2．7）分，RUV为（58．4±16．7）ml（P〈0．01）。结论网状镍钛合金内支架植入术是高危前列腺增生症（BPH）尿潴留的有效治疗方法。