Results of conventional and hysteroscopic surgery

Mullerian anomalies usually come to medical attention when they become problematic and require treatment. Most of these complications require surgical correction. The most commonly presenting anomaly is the double uterus which can be the source of recurrent abortion and preterm deliveries. The Strassman, Jones and Tompkins metroplasties have been shown to greatly improve the rate of successful deliveries in these patients. Hysteroscopic metroplasty, using either scissors, resectoscope or laser is now the recommended treatment for most septate uteri due to its relative simplicity, low morbidity and excellent reproductive outcome.      

纵隔前肠囊肿的外科治疗

0　引言　自 1977- 0 1/ 2 0 0 0 - 0 4我科共收治纵隔前肠囊肿 5 2例 ,均经手术后病理证实 .现就其诊断及治疗问题讨论如下 :1　临床资料　全组 5 2 (男 35 ,女 17)例 .年龄 0 .7～ 5 4岁 ,其中 12岁以下 12例 ,临床症状有胸痛 19例、胸闷 13例、咳嗽12例、咳血 2例、吞咽梗阻感 1例 ,无症状者 16例 .囊肿部位 :支气管囊肿后纵隔、前纵隔各 17例 ,中纵隔 2例 ;食管囊肿及胃肠囊肿均见于后纵隔 .术前诊断 :确诊者 11例 ,占 2 1.1% .2　手术与结果　取后外侧切口 2 8例 ;前外侧切口 10例 ;胸骨正中切口 3例 ;胸膜外手术切除囊肿 11例 .囊肿完…     

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with CTLA4 polymorphisms in multiple ethnic groups

Linkage disequilibrium (association) analysis was used to evaluate a candidate region near the CTLA4/CD28 genes using a multi-ethnic collection of families with one or more children affected by IDDM. In the data set unique to this study (Spanish, French, Mexican-American, Chinese and Korean), the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) revealed a highly significant deviation for transmission of alleles at the (AT)n microsatellite marker in the 3' untranslated region (P = 0.002) and the A/G polymorphism in the first exon (P = 0.00002) of the CTLA4 gene. The overall evidence for transmission deviation of the CTLA4 A/G alleles is also highly significant (P = 0.00005) in the combined data set (669 multiplex and 357 simplex families) from this study and a previous report on families from USA, Italy, UK, Spain and Sardinia. Significant heterogeneity was observed in these data sets. The British, Sardinian and Chinese data sets did not show any deviation for the A/G polymorphism, while the Caucasian-American data set showed a weak transmission deviation. Strong deviation for transmission was seen in the three Mediterranean-European populations (Italian, Spanish and French) (P = 10(-5)), the Mexican-American population (P = 0.002) and the Korean population (P = 0.03). These results suggest that a true IDDM susceptibility locus (designated IDDM12) is located near CTLA4.      

Immune privilege induced by cotransplantation of islet and allogeneic testicular cells

Objective To induce islet allograft long- term survival through cotransplantation of islet cells with sertoli cells. Methods Testicular sertoli cells were prepared by digestion with collagenase, trypsin an d DNase, and were cultured for 48 hours. Collagenase digested and Ficoll purifi ed donor (Wistar rat) islets were cotransplanted with allogeneic sertoli cells i n the absence of systemic immunosuppression. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfer ase- mediated X- dUTP nick- end labeling (TUNEL) was used to label apoptosis of lymphocytes surrounding the islet graft. Results Cotransplantation of islets and 1×10(7) sertoli cells reversed the diabetic sta te for more than 60 days in 100% (6/6) of the chemically diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. Grafts consisting of islets alone or islets plus 1×10(5) sertoli cells survived only for 5-6 days. Apoptosis of lymphocytes surrounding the islets was quite clear. Conclusion Cotransplantation of islets with FasL［+］ sertoli cells induces local immune priv ilege and allows long- term graft survival without systemic immunosuppression.     

De novo mutations (GAG deletion) in the DYT1 gene in two non-Jewish patients with early-onset dystonia

The DYT1 gene recently has been cloned and shown to contain a three nucleotide (GAG) deletion responsible for most cases of autosomal dominant early-onset torsion dystonia. This deletion results in the loss of one of a pair of glutamic acids in a conserved region of a novel ATP-binding protein (torsinA). Previous haplotype analysis revealed that this same deletion had arisen at least two different times in history, suggesting independent mutational events. This deletion is the only sequence change found thus far to be associated uniquely with the disease status, regardless of ethnic origin. Here we describe two patients with typical early-onset torsion dystonia of Swiss-Mennonite and non-Jewish Russian origin, respectively, that both carry this same mutation as a de novo GAG deletion. This finding proves that this 3 bp deletion in the DYT1 gene is indeed a mutation that causes early-onset torsion dystonia. The DYT1 mutation is one of the rare examples of the same recurrent mutation causing a dominantly inherited condition. The sequence surrounding the GAG deletion contains an imperfect 24 bp tandem repeat, suggesting a possible mechanism for the high frequency of this mutation.      

2-呋喃硫羰基腙衍生物及其过渡金属配位化合物的合成和抑菌活性

本文设计合成了九个2-呋喃硫羰基腙衍生物及其十三个不同的过渡金属配位化合物,并进行了抑菌实验,表明化合物对受试各种细菌均具有不同程度的抑菌作用。与2-呋喃硫羰基踪衍生物相比,配位化合物的抑菌活性发生显著的改变。其中,铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)和银(Ⅰ)等配位化合物的活性较强,其它过渡金属配位化合物的活性较低。多数化合物对革兰氏阳性细菌的敏感性大于对革兰氏阴性细菌。     

利用组织工程化骨进行撕脱指骨的置换

数十年以来,人们利用许多方法来替代由于创伤和疾病所造成的骨缺失。１９０８年Lexer报道利用新鲜的截肢或尸体骨与关节来重建关节。近年来自体移植和同种异体移植已被广泛应用于骨组织的再生和重建。一些天然或合成的骨替代物也得到了应用,它们或者单独使用,或者和脱钙骨、异体骨结合使用。同时还有大量使用肽、脱钙骨粉末加速间充质组织向骨组织分化的报道。最近开始了采用组织工程方法将活细胞与生物材料进行结合以修复骨缺失的研究,即将活细胞接种于具有一定形状的支持物上,种植于受体内以引导骨组织再生。支持物被设计和制备以成…     

35例脑转移瘤MRI分析

目的回顾性分析经临床、手术及病理证实的35例脑转移瘤的MRI表现.方法35例病人,男27例,女8例,年龄29～77岁.均采用横轴位、矢状位、冠状位及增强扫描.结果35例病人125个病灶,瘤周水肿89个.增强前发现病灶86个.增强后发现病灶125例.脑转移实质性病灶84个,部分囊变坏死19个,完全囊变22个.原发恶性肿瘤肺癌22例,脑内胶质瘤5例,肾癌、结肠癌、鼻咽癌及淋巴肉瘤各2例.结论脑转移瘤中肺癌转移最多见;多发性脑转移瘤可有多种形态;小脑出现占位性病变应考虑到转移瘤的可能.     

Insulin‐like growth factor‐II is produced by,signals to and is an important survival factor for the mature podocyte in man and mouse

Podocytes are crucial for preventing the passage of albumin into the urine and, when lost, are associated with the development of albuminuria, renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Podocytes have limited capacity to regenerate, therefore pro‐survival mechanisms are critically important. Insulin‐like growth factor‐II (IGF‐II) is a potent survival and growth factor; however, its major function is thought to be in prenatal development, when circulating levels are high. IGF‐II has only previously been reported to continue to be expressed in discrete regions of the brain into adulthood in rodents, with systemic levels being undetectable. Using conditionally immortalized human and ex vivo adult mouse cells of the glomerulus, we demonstrated the podocyte to be the major glomerular source and target of IGF‐II; it signals to this cell via the IGF‐I receptor via the PI3 kinase and MAPK pathways. Functionally, a reduction in IGF signalling causes podocyte cell death in vitro and glomerular disease in vivo in an aged IGF‐II transgenic mouse that produces approximately 60% of IGF‐II due to a lack of the P2 promoter of this gene. Collectively, this work reveals the fundamental importance of IGF‐II in the mature podocyte for glomerular health across mammalian species. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.