四波长内源光信号成像在GFAP-/-Vim-/-小鼠脑梗塞周围扩散性去极化中的应用

目的观测小鼠脑梗塞周围扩散性去极化（PIDs）的内源光信号变化特征,探索胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和波形蛋白
（Vim）基因敲除对PIDs的影响。方法以GFAP和Vim基因敲除（GFAP-/-Vim-/-）小鼠及其野生型（GFAP+/+Vim+/+）小鼠为研究对
象,线栓法制备大脑中动脉梗塞（MCAO）模型,应用四波长内源光信号（OIS）成像技术监测两组动物4 h内PIDs的发作情况。
结果OIS成像显示PIDs在空间分布上表现为连续的、红蓝相间的弧形波,由发源处向四周缓慢播散;PIDs存在5种不同空间播
散类型：喙-尾播散类型、侧方-内侧播散类型、尾-喙播散类型、对侧播散类型和内侧-侧方播散类型。GFAP-/-Vim-/-小鼠和GFAP+/+
Vim+/+小鼠PIDs的发作次数、播散类型、速度及时程组间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论四波长OIS成像技术可获得PIDs
的高分辨率彩色影像,为更深入研究PIDs的时空特性创造了条件;GFAP和Vim基因敲除对MCAO模型制备后4 h内PIDs的发
作无显著影响。
     

三七治疗动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化(atheroscIerosis,AS)是导致心脑血管事件发生的关键因素,为多种心脑血管疾病共同的病理生理基础.其证候、病机等属于中医理论的"血瘀证".而三七自古便是历代医家常用的活血化瘀之要药.综述近年来三七在治疗动脉粥样硬化方面的研究进展.     

Effects of a problem‐solving counseling program to facilitate intensified walking on Koreans with type 2 diabetes

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and long‐term effects of a 12 week problem‐solving (PS) counseling program to facilitate intensified walking with machinery monitoring on persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea. Methods: The study used a quasi‐experimental design. The participants were 57 patients with diabetes from three endocrinology or internal medicine clinics in an urban city of South Korea. Moderate‐intensity walking and PS counseling were recommended to both groups. The difference between the two groups was whether the intensity of the exercise was monitored by an ambulatory heart rate monitor (experimental group) or was self‐regulated (comparison group). Those programs were evaluated in relation to BMI, glycemic control (blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]), a vascular complication index (total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, tissue plasminogen activator [t‐PA], plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 [PAI‐1], Parma Cardiovascular Risk Index), and coping strategies at 3 and 6 months. Results: The experimental group members showed dramatic decreases in their glucose and HbA1c levels at 3 months. The values of t‐PA decreased significantly at baseline, compared to at 3 months. The levels of PAI‐1 continuously declined and the Parma Cardiovascular Risk Index score did not change significantly from baseline to at 3 months, but showed significant effects at 6 months. Conclusion: A combined program of intensified walking, using a heart rate monitor, with PS counseling is more helpful to prevent complications than self‐regulated exercise for persons with type 2 diabetes in Korea.     

The effects of an orally administered probiotic on sulfasalazine metabolism in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary study

Aim: To carry out a pilot study to investigate the effect of short‐term oral probiotic administration on the metabolism of sulfasalazine (SSZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stabilized on SSZ. Methods: Twelve subjects with RA taking stable doses of SSZ for a minimum of 3 months prior to the study, received a probiotic preparation contained three strains of bacteria (1.8 × 10⁹ CFU/day) twice daily for 1 week. Single point blood and 12‐h urine samples were taken before and after probiotic treatment and 3 weeks following discontinuation of probiotics, for determination of SSZ and its metabolites. The presence of the probiotic bacteria in the feces of patients was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Results: Adverse events recorded were three instances of gastrointestinal disturbance and one flare of RA. Plasma and urinary levels of SSZ and its metabolites showed no statistically significant changes after probiotic administration and the incidence of gastrointestinal disturbance did not appear to be ascribed to higher sulfapyridine plasma levels. Probiotic‐specific DGGE bands were detected in the feces of some patients after the treatment period. Conclusions: Short‐term treatment of RA patients with a multi‐strain probiotic did not significantly influence SSZ metabolism as has been demonstrated in animal models.     

In vitro metabolism of the new insecticide flupyrazofos by rat liver microsomes

1. The in vitro metabolism of the new insecticide flupyrazofos was studied using rat liver microsomes. Two metabolites were produced and identified as O, O -diethyl O -(1- phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl) phosphoric acid ester (flupyrazofos oxon) and 1- phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-hydroxypyrazole (PTMHP) based on UV and mass spectral analysis. 2. Cytochrome P450 oxidatively converted flupyrazofos to flupyrazofos oxon, a major metabolite and phenobarbital-induced microsomes increased this desulphuration by 8- fold. 3. Flupyrazofos oxon was converted to PTMHP with a half-life of 47 8?min by chemical hydrolysis and this conversion also proceeded non-enzymatically under our microsomal incubation conditions.