Switch in the expression of mGlu1 and mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the cerebellum of mice developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in autoptic cerebellar samples from patients with multiple sclerosis

Recent evidence suggests that changes in the expression of membrane receptors/ion channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells contribute to the onset of cerebellar motor symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined the expression of group-I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors) in the cerebellum of mice developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in autoptic cerebellar samples of MS patients. EAE was induced in mice by immunization with the 35-55 fragment of MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein). EAE mice showed a progressive loss of mGlu1a receptors in the cerebellum, associated with an increased expression of mGlu5 receptors. These changes were restricted to Purkinje cells and their dendritic arborization, as shown by immunohistochemistry. A reduced expression of mGlu1a receptors in cerebellar Purkinje cells was also found in 7 of 9 MS patients. In addition, a light/moderate to very strong mGlu5 receptor immunoreactivity was detected in Purkinje cells of 8 MS patients, but was always absent in non-MS control patients. In EAE mice, an acute treatment with the mGlu1 receptor enhancer, 9H-xanthene-9-carboxylic acid (4-trifluoromethyl-oxazol-2-yl)-amide (RO0711401), significantly improved motor coordination, whereas treatment with the mGlu5 receptor antagonists, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) and 6-methyl-2-(phenylazo)-3-pyridinol (SIB-1757), had no effect. We conclude that mGlu1 receptor enhancers improve motor symptoms associated with EAE and might be helpful as symptomatic drugs in patients with MS.     

肝包虫囊肿的CT诊断

目的：分析了肝包虫的CT表现,讨论了CT对肝包虫的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析35例经手术病理证实的肝包虫囊肿患者的CT表现。结果：35例肝包虫共41个包虫囊肿。单房性包虫囊肿28个,其中无钙化的16个,有钙化的6个,囊肿合并内在性破裂6个;多房性包虫囊肿13个,其中无并发症的6例,有并发症的7例;有并发症的多房性包虫囊肿中交通性破裂4个,直接破裂3个,其中5个合并细菌感染,35例患者CT术前正确诊断率为97．1％,结论：CT对各型肝包虫均有较高的诊断价值,有选择地行CT检查能为肝包虫的治疗提供更好的影像依据。     

婴儿肠旋转不良影像学检查的探讨

目的:探讨婴儿肠旋转不良影像学检查的价值.方法:回顾性分析41例经手术证实的婴儿肠旋转不良患者的病例资料.所有病例均摄腹部平片,16例行钡剂灌肠,18例行钡餐检查.结果:腹部平片显示十二指肠部分性梗阻32例,双泡征13例,小肠低位梗阻并腹腔积液3例,未见明显异常3例.钡剂灌肠显示阑尾位于右上腹10例,右中腹1例,左上腹4例,1例位置正常;与手术中记录的阑尾位置比较,诊断符合率较低(28.6%,4/14).钡餐检查显示十二指肠水平段及其近端扩张、梗阻,扩张远端呈鼠尾状改变6例,其中2例显示为完全性梗阻;十二指肠空肠曲位置异常11例;十二指肠螺旋型下降13例;空肠位于右侧腹9例,位置正常1例.结论:在肠旋转不良影像学检查中,腹部平片能提供肠道气体的异常信息,可作为本病的首诊检查方法;钡剂灌肠虽然可显示阑尾位置异常,但诊断准确性低,胃肠钡餐检查可显示十二指肠的位置和形态,是确诊本病的较好影像学方法.     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术的初步探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补和胃底折叠术（Toupet手术）治疗食管裂孔疝的临床效果。方法 2009年1月～2010年5月,21例患者行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝（Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型6例,Ⅳ型2例）修补,采用单纯缝合膈肌脚,补片完全缝合,补片缝合加钉合等方法修补食管裂孔疝,并同期行部分胃底折叠术。结果本组患者手术均获成功,手术时间85～170min。无中转开腹及死亡病例。术后平均住院7d。术后随访1～16个月,20例临床症状完全消失,1例改善不明显,无明确复发病例。结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补和胃底折叠术安全有效,应根据患者情况采用个体化的修补方式。     

Correlation of HER2 status between primary tumors and corresponding circulating tumor cells in advanced breast cancer patients

Biocharacterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients may represent a real-time tumor biopsy. We assessed HER2 status on CTCs from blood samples of ABC patients. CTCs were separated and stained using the CellSearch System^?. HER2 status was assessed by immunofluorescence and, when technically feasible, by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Blood samples were obtained from 66 ABC patients. Forty patients had a positive CTC sample (61%) and of these, 15 (37%) had HER2 + CTCs. We found non-concordant results in 32% of cases: 29% (8/28) of HER2-negative primary tumors had HER2-positive CTCs and 42% (5/12) of HER2-positive primary tumors had HER2-negative CTCs (k = 0.278). Our study suggests that a subset of patients with HER2-negative primary tumors develops HER2-positive CTCs during disease progression.     

Simultaneous acute splenic sequestration and transient aplastic crisis in children with sickle cell disease

Acute splenic sequestration crisis (ASSC) is a hematological emergency in young children with sickle cell disease (SCD), characterized by worsening anemia and splenomegaly, usually with reticulocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Transient aplastic crisis (TAC) due to parvovirus B19 infection occurs in older children with SCD, and typically manifests as worsening anemia with reticulocytopenia and no splenomegaly. Five older children with SCD (4 HbSC, 1 HbSS on hydroxyurea) developed ASSC concurrent with TAC and had a severe clinical course. Our cases suggest that older children with SCD and acute parvovirus infection should be monitored closely for splenomegaly and multi‐system dysfunction. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:479–481. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

多排螺旋CT对儿童主动脉缩窄的诊断价值

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT以其后处理图像对儿童主动脉缩窄的诊断价值.方法 临床怀疑为主动脉缩窄的患者26例,平均年龄7.5 个月(5天～4岁),进行多排螺旋CT增强扫描.对所有病例的CT轴位图像按需要进行多平面重组及容积再现、最大密度投影.结果 26例患儿顺利完成MDCT成像检查,均确诊为主动脉缩窄,其中11例主动脉弓发育不良,CT诊断与手术结果相一致.主动脉靶重建直观地显示主动脉缩窄的部位及程度.结论 MDCT是一种有用的无创伤性检查方法,结合二维与三维图像有助于主动脉缩窄的诊断以及治疗方案的制定.