Modifiable risk factors in periodontal disease

Epigenetics as a modifiable risk factor in periodontal diseases has been investigated in light of the current knowledge of how chronic infection and inflammation can affect gene‐specific epigenetic reprogramming in periodontal tissues. Epigenomic programming might be particularly sensitive to environmental influences, and a combination of physiological stressors and environmental exposures appears to affect the epigenomic program acquired by a cell during differentiation and throughout the cellular lineage lifespan. Viral and bacterial infections can establish several types of epigenetic modifications, which sometimes engage in a complex epigenetic crosstalk also reflecting in the establishment and progress of periodontal diseases. The inflammatory and metabolic states of the periodontal tissues are driven by the infectious stimuli, and the magnitude of the cellular and molecular signature response is further dictated by the host genetic and epigenetic traits associated with various systemic exposures, including smoking, obesity and diabetes/hyperglycemia. This review discusses the advances in epigenetics, focusing on the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and the potential of epigenetic therapy.     

Glass fiber posts relining: can composite opacity influence retention to root canal dentin?

Odontology - This study aimed at evaluating the influence of glass-fiber post (GFP) relining with composites of different opacities on resin cement layer thickness (CLT), bond strength (BS) to root...     

Inhibition of urinary bladder cancer cell proliferation by silibinin

Silibinin, a natural compound extracted from milk thistle, has demonstrated antitumor properties in urinary bladder cancer cells; however, the role of TP53 gene in these effects is unclear. In order to better understand the molecular and antiproliferative mechanisms of this compound, urinary bladder cancer cells with different TP53 gene status, RT4 (low-grade tumor, wild TP53 gene), 5637 (high-grade tumor, Grade 2, mutated TP53 gene), and T24 (high-grade tumor, Grade 3, mutated TP53 gene) were treated with several concentrations of silibinin (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 150 μM). Cytotoxicity, prooxidant effect, morphological changes, cell migration, cell cycle progression, global methylation profile, and relative expression of HOXB3, c-MYC, PLK1, SMAD4, SRC, HAT, HDAC, and RASSF1A genes were evaluated. The silibinin presented cytotoxic and prooxidant effects in the three cell lines. In mutated TP53 cells, significant interference in cell migration and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was observed. Additionally, silibinin induced global DNA hypomethylation in the highest grade tumor cells. For wild-type TP53 cells, a sub-G1 apoptotic population was present. Furthermore, there was modulation of gene expression responsible for cell growth (SMAD and c-MYC), migration (SRC), cell cycle kinetics (PLK1), angiogenesis (HOXB3), and of genes associated with epigenetic events such as DNA acetylation (HAT) and deacetylation (HDAC). In conclusion, the silibinin inhibited the urinary bladder tumor cell proliferation independently of TP53 status; however, cell cycle effects, gene expression changes, and alteration of cell migration are dependent on TP53 status. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Total elbow arthroplasty is moving forward: Review on past,present and future

The elbow joint is a complex joint, which, when impaired in function, leads to severe disability. In some cases however, an arthroplasty might be an appropriate treatment. In the past four decades, large steps havebeen taken to optimize this treatment in order to achieve better post-operative outcomes. To understand these progresses and to discover aspects for upcoming improvements, we present a review on the past developments, the present state of affairs and future developments which may improve patient care further.     

Antiangiogenic evaluation of ZnWO4 nanoparticles synthesised through microwave-assisted hydrothermal method

Angiogenesis, the complex process of formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels, which involves the participation of several pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, is implicated in many physiological and pathological conditions. Nanoparticle-based anti-angiogenic activity at the tumour tissue, harnessed by the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect (EPR effect), could potentially become a breakthrough therapy to halt tumour progression. Herein, we evaluate the anti-angiogenic effect of ZnWO₄ nanoparticles (NPs). The nanoparticles were obtained by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis (MAHS) at 120?°C for 60?min and were structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman (MR) spectroscopy. The mean size and polydispersity index were estimated by Zeta potential analysis. The XRD analysis revealed structural organisation at a long-range order, with an average crystallite size of around 3.67?nm, while MR revealed short-range order for ZnWO₄. The anti-angiogenic potential of zinc tungstate nanoparticles was investigated through the chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) using fertilised chicken eggs. We demonstrate, in an unprecedented way, that nanocrystalline ZnWO₄ NPs obtained by MAHS, at low reaction temperatures, showed excellent anti-angiogenic properties even at low concentrations. The ZnWO₄ NPs were further evaluated for its cytotoxicity in vitro.