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51.
52.
Gaurav Sharma Ravijot Singh Kiran Kumar GN Vaibhav Jain Ankit Gupta Shivanand Gamanagatti Kamran Farooque Vijay Sharma 《International orthopaedics》2016,40(5):1009-1017
Purpose
To determine whether radiographic measurements derived from standard computed tomography (CT) evaluation can be used to predict likelihood of a peri-operative lateral femoral wall fracture in AO/OTA 31-A2 pertrochanteric fractures treated with a dynamic hip screw (DHS).Methods
Fifty-one patients with AO/OTA 31-A2 classified pertrochanteric fractures were evaluated using a pre-operative CT scan of the pelvis with both hips. Dimensions of the lateral wall were calculated for each patient using four parameters: (1) height of the lateral wall above the vastus ridge; (2) circumference of the lateral wall 2 cm below the vastus ridge at an angle of 135°; this circumference was further divided into an anterior, lateral and posterior component; (3) cortical thickness at the centre of the lateral component of the lateral wall; and (4) cortical index. All patients were treated with a 135° DHS. Postoperative radiographs were assessed for lateral femoral wall fracture.Results
Patients with a lateral wall fracture (17/51) had a smaller circumference (4.47 cm vs 5.44 cm p value?<0.001) as well as a lower height of the lateral femoral wall (1.37 cm vs 2.21 p value?<?0.001). Analysis of the three components of the circumference revealed a significant difference for the anterior component only and not for the lateral and posterior components. There was no statistical difference in the cortical thickness or cortical index in the two groups. The cutoff values for height of the lateral wall and anterior component were calculated using ROC curves and found to be 1.68 cm (AUC 0.918) and 2.10 cm (AUC 0.851) respectively.Conclusion
AO/OTA 31-A2 pertrochanteric fractures with a lateral wall height of > 1.68 cm and an anterior component of > 2.10 cm in circumference are not likely to sustain a lateral wall fracture when treated with a DHS.53.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex and devastating illness, often occurring within the setting of sepsis, and carries an
annual mortality rate of 30–50%. Although the genetic basis of ALI has not been fully established, an increasing body of evidence
suggests that genetic predisposition contributes to disease susceptibility and severity. Significant difficulty exists, however,
in defining the exact nature of these genetic factors, including large phenotypic variance, incomplete penetrance, complex
gene–environment interactions, and strong potential for locus heterogeneity. We utilized the candidate gene approach and an
ortholog gene database to provide relevant gene ontologies and insights into the genetic basis of ALI. We employed a Medline
search of selected basic and clinical studies in the English literature and studies sponsored by the HopGene National Institutes
of Health sponsored Program in Genomic Applications. Extensive gene expression profiling studies in animal models of ALI (rat,
murine, canine), as well as in humans, were performed to identify potential candidate genes . We identified a number of candidate genes for ALI, with blood coagulation and inflammation gene ontologies being the most
highly represented. The candidate gene approach coupled with extensive gene profiling and novel bioinformatics approaches
is a valuable way to identify genes that are involved in ALI. 相似文献
54.
Olubuyide IO; Ola SO; Aliyu B; Dosumu OO; Arotiba JT; Olaleye OA; Odaibo GN; Odemuyiwa SO; Olawuyi F 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1997,90(6):417-422
We surveyed a random sample (n = 75) of doctors and dentists at University
College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. They were offered anonymous testing for
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAG),
antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and to hepatitis C virus
(anti-HCV), by enzyme immunoassay. The results suggest a high prevalence of
hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a high potential of transmissibility, as well
as a high prevalence of HCV infection. The majority of the doctors and
dentists use universal precaution for protection against viral hepatitis on
< 50% of the occasions when they carry out procedures on their patients.
Infection with HBV was associated with type of specialty (surgeons,
dentists) and lack of HBV vaccination (p < 0.05). After logistic
regression, these factors were independently associated with HBV infection
(p < 0.05). Sixty (80%) had not received prior HBV vaccination.
Unvaccinated personnel were more likely to be surgeons, dentists, < 37
years of age, and have fewer years of professional activity (p < 0.05).
After logistic regression, only fewer years of professional activity
remained independently associated with lack of vaccination (p < 0.05).
To reduce the occupational exposure of HBV, universal precautions must be
rigorously adhered to when the doctors and dentists carry out procedures on
their patients, and all health-care workers should be vaccinated with HBV
vaccine and the HCV vaccine, when it becomes available.
相似文献
55.
BD Rawal ; MP Busch ; R Endow ; J Garcia-de-Lomas ; HA Perkins ; R Schwadron ; GN Vyas 《Transfusion》1989,29(5):460-462
Several filters for leukocyte removal were evaluated in terms of their ability to reduce the cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load in units of blood either inoculated in vitro with lymphocytes from a chronically infected cell line or collected directly from seropositive donors. Filtration of the experimentally inoculated units of blood resulted in a 5.9 log 10 mean reduction (95% confidence interval:7.4-4.5) of tissue culture infectious units (TCIU) as assayed by end-point titration using the coculture assay. Filtration of the units of blood from anti-HIV positive donors lowered the infectivity by over 2 logs, as detected by the coculture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. However, residual cell-associated virus was detected in the majority of experiments. Clinical studies are warranted to determine if leukocyte filtration of blood will reduce the risk of transfusion transmitted viral infections. 相似文献
56.
Patrícia Monteiro Ribeiro Silvia Maria Rodrigues QueridoGraziela Nueremberg Back-Brito Adolfo José MotaCristiane Yumi Koga-Ito Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge 《Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease》2011,71(1):81-86
The aim of this study was to research Candida dubliniensis among isolates present in a Brazilian yeast collection and to evaluate the main phenotypic methods for discrimination between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis from oral cavity. A total of 200 isolates, presumptively identified as C. albicans or C. dubliniensis obtained from heart transplant patients under immunosuppressive therapy, tuberculosis patients under antibiotic therapy, HIV-positive patients under antiretroviral therapy, and healthy subjects, were analyzed using the following phenotypic tests: formation and structural arrangement of chlamydospores on corn meal agar, casein agar, tobacco agar, and sunflower seed agar; growth at 45 °C; and germ tube formation. All strains were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In a preliminary screen for C. dubliniensis, 48 of the 200 isolates on corn meal agar, 30 of the 200 on casein agar, 16 of the 200 on tobacco agar, and 15 of the 200 on sunflower seed agar produced chlamydoconidia; 27 of the 200 isolates showed no or poor growth at 45 °C. All isolates were positive for germ tube formation. These isolates were considered suggestive of C. dubliniensis. All of them were subjected to PCR analysis using C. dubliniensis-specific primers. C. dubliniensis isolates were not found. C. dubliniensis isolates were not recovered in this study done with immunocompromised patients. Sunflower seed agar was the medium with the smallest number of isolates of C. albicans suggestive of C. dubliniensis. None of the phenotypic methods was 100% effective for discrimination between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. 相似文献
57.
58.
EE J Iweala FO Uhegbu GN Ogu 《African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines》2010,7(2):113-117
The antisickling properties of crude juice extracts of the edible portions of three commonly consumed tropical fruits namely Persia americana, Citrus sinensis, and Carica papaya were investigated in vitro alongside a new drug preparation called Ciklavit® that has antisickling activity. Four different solvent extracts of the crude juice of each fruit including aqueous, acidic, alkaline and alcoholic extracts were prepared and their antisickling effects on sickle cell trait (HbAS) and sickle cell disease (HbSS) blood samples checked alongside Ciklavit®. Blood samples were stabilized using normal saline and the antisickling effects were checked by counting the number of sickle cells remaining after incubation of the blood samples with the crude fruit extracts and Ciklavit® for twenty-four hours. The results showed that Ciklavit® produced a sustained reduction in the number of sickle cells in both HbAS and HbSS blood samples. Also the alkaline and alcoholic extracts of P. americana and C. papaya produced significant reduction in the number of sickle cells. 相似文献
59.
60.