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Background
Low socioeconomic position predicts risk of substance abuse, yet few studies tested the role of preexisting familial and individual characteristics.Methods
Data come from the TEMPO (Trajectoires Epidémiologiques en Population) study (community sample in France, 1991–2009, n = 1103, 22–35 years in 2009) set up among offspring of participants of an epidemiological study (GAZEL). Past 12-month substance use was assessed in 2009 by self-completed mail survey: regular tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse (AUDIT), cannabis use, problematic cannabis use (CAST), other illegal drug use. Socioeconomic position was defined by educational attainment, occupational grade, employment stability and unemployment. Covariates included demographics (age, sex, relationship status, parenthood), family background (parental income, parental tobacco smoking, parental alcohol use), and juvenile characteristics (psychological problems, academic difficulties) measured longitudinally.Results
35.8% of study participants were regular smokers, 14.3% abused alcohol, 22.6% used cannabis (6.3% had problematic cannabis use) and 4.1% used other illegal drugs. Except for alcohol abuse, substance use rates were systematically higher in individuals with low, rather than intermediate/high, socioeconomic position (age and sex-adjusted ORs from 1.75 for cannabis use to 2.11 for tobacco smoking and 2.44 for problematic cannabis use). In multivariate analyses these socioeconomic disparities were decreased, but remained statistically significant (except for illegal drugs other than cannabis).Conclusions
Tobacco smoking, alcohol, cannabis and polysubstance use are common behaviors among young adults, particularly those experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. Interventions aiming to decrease substance abuse and reduce socioeconomic inequalities in this area should be implemented early in life. 相似文献83.
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Killian A Di Fiore F Le Pessot F Blanchard F Lamy A Raux G Flaman JM Paillot B Michel P Sabourin JC Tuech JJ Michot F Kerckaert JP Sesboüé R Frebourg T 《Gastroenterology》2007,132(2):645-653
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several quantitative genetic alterations have been suggested to have in colorectal cancer (CRC) either a prognostic or a therapeutic predictive value. Routine detection of these alterations is limited by the absence of simple methods. METHODS: The somatic quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF) is based on the simultaneous amplification under quantitative conditions of several dye-labeled targets both from tumor and nonmalignant tissues. For each patient, the resulting QMPSF fluorescent profiles are superimposed, and quantitative changes are simply detected by an increase or decrease of the corresponding fluorescent peaks. Two assays were developed and applied to 57 CRC: a "bar code" exploring several loci with known prognostic value and a "kinogram" studying the copy number change of kinase genes, against which inhibitors have been developed. RESULTS: The bar code revealed that the most frequent alterations were the gain of AURKA/20q13 (53%) and MYC/8q24 (39%) and heterozygous deletion of DCC/18q21.3 (39%) and TP53/17p13 (23%). The kinogram detected a gene copy number increase for AURKA, PTK2, MET, and EGFR in 53%, 37%, 33%, and 28% of the tumors, respectively. QMPSF results were validated by comparative genomic hybridization and multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction on genomic DNA. CONCLUSIONS: The somatic QMPSF is a simple method able to detect simultaneously on a routine basis several quantitative changes in tumors. Its flexibility will allow the integration of clinically relevant genes. This high throughput method should be a valuable complementary tool of fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization. 相似文献
85.
A mutation in a chromosome condensin II subunit, kleisin beta, specifically disrupts T cell development
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Joseph Biederman Carter R Petty Timothy E Wilens Thomas Spencer Aude Henin Stephen V Faraone Eric Mick Michael C Monuteaux Deborah Kenealy Tara Mirto Janet Wozniak 《Bipolar disorders》2009,11(3):298-306
Objective: While concordance between mother and child report continues to be the gold standard in the assessment of pediatric bipolar disorder, uncertainty develops when a mother's report is not endorsed by the youth. To this end we compared discordant (mother positive and youth negative) and concordant (mother and youth positive) cases.
Methods: Subjects were 98 adolescents (12–19 years of age) derived from family studies of bipolar disorder in youth who had both self-reported and mother-reported assessments. Comparisons were made between discordant (n = 35) and concordant (n = 59) cases on a wide range of clinical correlates.
Results: Mothers in both groups reported similar rates of symptoms of mania and depression. Within the concordant group, mothers and youth reported similar rates of symptoms of mania. There were no differences between the concordant and discordant groups in onset, duration, or impairment of mania, rates of psychiatric hospitalization, cognitive variables, or rates of disorders in family members.
Conclusions: The similarities between discordant and concordant reports in symptomatology of mania and depression, rates of comorbidities, treatment needs, and other clinical correlates suggest that a mother-based diagnosis of mania should not be discounted in discrepant cases in which the youth fails to endorse the diagnosis. 相似文献
Methods: Subjects were 98 adolescents (12–19 years of age) derived from family studies of bipolar disorder in youth who had both self-reported and mother-reported assessments. Comparisons were made between discordant (n = 35) and concordant (n = 59) cases on a wide range of clinical correlates.
Results: Mothers in both groups reported similar rates of symptoms of mania and depression. Within the concordant group, mothers and youth reported similar rates of symptoms of mania. There were no differences between the concordant and discordant groups in onset, duration, or impairment of mania, rates of psychiatric hospitalization, cognitive variables, or rates of disorders in family members.
Conclusions: The similarities between discordant and concordant reports in symptomatology of mania and depression, rates of comorbidities, treatment needs, and other clinical correlates suggest that a mother-based diagnosis of mania should not be discounted in discrepant cases in which the youth fails to endorse the diagnosis. 相似文献
89.
Nicolas Authier David Balayssac Fabien Marchand Bing Ling Aude Zangarelli Juliette Descoeur François Coudore Emmanuel Bourinet Alain Eschalier 《Neurotherapeutics》2009,6(4):620-629
This review examines recent preclinical research on toxic peripheral neuropathy and potential therapeutic developments. Chemotherapy-induced
peripheral neurotoxicity is a major clinical problem because it represents the dose-limiting side effects of a significant
number of antineoplastic drugs. Patients are unable to complete full or optimal treatment schedules. The incidence of chemotherapy-induced
peripheral neuropathy varies depending on the drugs and schedules used, and this can be quite high, particularly when neurophysiological
methods are used to make a diagnosis. However, even when chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is not a dose-limiting
side effect, its onset may severely affect the quality of life of cancer patients and cause chronic discomfort. As such, improved
understanding of the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity need for animal models is clinically relevant and
will assist in the development of future neuroprotective strategies and also in the design of novel chemotherapies with improved
toxicity profiles. In this review, the features of animal models of chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy developed for
20 years, due to the administration of the most widely used drugs, such as platinum drugs, taxanes, and vinca alkaloids, will
be discussed. In a second part, data available on neuroprotectants and treatment strategies, evaluated using these previous
animal models in the attempt to prevent neuropathic pain, will be summarized. 相似文献
90.
Mélissa Labelle-Côté Julie Dusseault Salma Ismaïl Aude Picard-Cloutier Peter M Siegel Louise Larose 《BMC cancer》2011,11(1):1-19