Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women,Based on 6-β-Hydroxycortisol:Cortisol Ratios

Study Objective . To characterize cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women by evaluating the urinary 6-β-hydroxycortisokcortisol ratio. Design . Prospective study. Subjects . Thirteen premenopausal and 13 postmenopausal women who were healthy and not receiving drugs known to affect CYP3A4 activity. Interventions . Beginning on day 2 of menses, premenopausal women collected first morning urine samples every other day for a complete menstrual cycle. Postmenopausal women collected first morning urine every other day for 28 days. Measurements and Main Results . Mean weekly 6-β-hydroxycortisol:cortisol ratios did not differ during the phase (week) of the menstrual cycle. Daily ratios did not differ in postmenopausal women. No difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women was found on comparing overall median ratios. Conclusion . Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity as measured by 6-β-hydroxy cortisol:cortisol ratio did not differ by week of menstrual cycle, suggesting no menstrual cycle-related changes. Menopause does not appear to be associated with differences in CYP3A4 activity, compared with premenopause.     

Diagnosis of ligament rupture of the ankle joint: Physical examination, arthrography, stress radiography and sonography compared in 160 patients after inversion trauma

We prospectively enrolled 160 consecutive patients with inversion trauma of the ankle in a diagnostic protocol that included physical examination within 2 days and at 5 days after trauma, arthrography, stress radiography, and ultrasonography. 135 patients had pathological lateral ligament laxity on the later physical examination or lateral ligament rupture diagnosed on arthrography and they were operated on. 122 of these patients had ligament ruptures.

At clinical follow-up after a minimum of half a year, all of the patients who were not operated on had stable joints without signs of previous ligament ruptures.

Delayed physical examination at 5 days after the injury led to the highest overall sensitivity (96%) and specificity (84%) for the detection of a ligament rupture. Additional diagnostic procedures, at a considerable cost, yielded little additional information.     

化妆品皮肤损伤87例临床分析

为了了解常用化妆品对皮肤的损伤情况，作者研究了８７例化妆品皮肤损伤的临床特点，并对致病化妆品种类进行了分析。认为染发、洗发、祛斑霜类化妆品易引起急性损伤，但病程短，病因明确，易于诊断。而各种营养霜、护肤霜膏类化妆品多次涂搽后才缓慢致病，病程长，影响因素多，临床诊断需结合化妆品斑贴试验综合考虑     

New peritoneal dialysis solutions

Summary: Current peritoneal dialysis solutions are not biocompatible, particularly in respect to low pH, high osmolality and use of lactate. In addition, glucose is not an ideal osmotic agent. Recent advances in the formulation of peritoneal dialysis fluids aim to provide a more physiological environment to preserve membrane integrity. the effects of pH and lactate have been overcome by the use of bicarbonate based solutions whilst icodextrin (glucose polymers) often prolonged ultrafiltration in spite of being isomotic to uraemic plasma. Future formulations will see a combination of osmotic agents (including amino acids) and bicarbonate to achieve a more biocompatible solution whilst still meeting the ultrafiltration needs of the patients. Additives (glycosaminoglycans, procysteine) may protect the peritoneum from free radical injury.     

Food choice in response to computer-generated nutrition information provided about meal selections in workplace restaurants

Aim : The study was designed to determine the effect of computerized nutrition information on consumer food choice in two workplace restaurants, one in which customers had to pay for their lunch and the other providing a free lunch. Methods : Customers entering the restaurants were asked to make selections from the menu on a computer screen. The energy, saturated fatty acids, non-milk extrinsic sugars and non-starch polysaccharide content of the meal selected was displayed graphically in proportion to the dietary reference values. They were given the opportunity to change their selected meal and the composition of all meals was recorded. Results : The nutritional composition of the first meal provoked 16% of customers to make a second selection. The proportion of energy in the first selection had been 31% higher for saturated fatty acids and 23% higher for non-milk extrinsic sugars than the first selection made by people who were satisfied with their first choice. In their second attempt they succeeded in reducing both nutrients to levels similar to those present in the meals selected by people who had been satisfied with their first selection. Customers>> selections for non-starch polysaccharide and energy did not differ between the groups. The main changes made by customers to achieve improved second choices were to omit dishes (44%), add dishes (19%), make changes within a menu category (46%), and make changes from one menu category to another (26%). Conclusion : It was concluded that provision of graphical nutrition information on a computer screen could be used by a subset of the users of both restaurants to enable them to improve their menu selections to a similar composition to that selected by the other people who used the computer system.     

天然钍对作业工人健康影响的研究

为研究包钢的原料中所含天然钍对作业工人健康的影响，对５９８５人的暴露队列进行了１７年的流行病学调查。结果发现，作业工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率随年附加有效剂量的增加而升高（与对照组比较Ｐ＜０．０１）。工龄为５～１４年者增加较快，１５年后增加缓慢，趋于平衡。尘肺分析结果提示，天然钍可能增强ＳｉＯ２的致肺纤维化作用。肿瘤死亡率除胃癌外，其余ＲＲ均大于１，但无统计学意义。相距一年的两次植物血球凝集素（ＰＨＡ）皮试反应均有增强，但外周血淋巴细胞离体照射后，染色体畸变未见适应性。女工妊娠期从事钍作业，其所生子女的智力发育无明显异常。