全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4646篇 |
免费 | 315篇 |
国内免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 122篇 |
儿科学 | 273篇 |
妇产科学 | 158篇 |
基础医学 | 500篇 |
口腔科学 | 113篇 |
临床医学 | 487篇 |
内科学 | 815篇 |
皮肤病学 | 119篇 |
神经病学 | 438篇 |
特种医学 | 194篇 |
外科学 | 761篇 |
综合类 | 51篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 355篇 |
眼科学 | 111篇 |
药学 | 232篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 250篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 49篇 |
2022年 | 88篇 |
2021年 | 174篇 |
2020年 | 96篇 |
2019年 | 168篇 |
2018年 | 166篇 |
2017年 | 147篇 |
2016年 | 163篇 |
2015年 | 214篇 |
2014年 | 245篇 |
2013年 | 325篇 |
2012年 | 406篇 |
2011年 | 384篇 |
2010年 | 224篇 |
2009年 | 152篇 |
2008年 | 296篇 |
2007年 | 300篇 |
2006年 | 259篇 |
2005年 | 270篇 |
2004年 | 210篇 |
2003年 | 180篇 |
2002年 | 152篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 45篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1907年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4981条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease in which genetic determinants are modulated by hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors. The balance between bone resorption and bone formation seems to be regulated by a variety of growth factors and cytokines. An important clinical risk factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the presence of genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility genes. In this study, we investigated the association between osteoporosis and interleukin 10 (IL-10) −597 C>A and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) T869C (also named Leu10>Pro) polymorphisms in Turkish postmenopausal women. Genomic DNA obtained from 255 individuals (152 osteoporotic and 103 healthy controls). The DNA sample was isolated from peripheral bloods by salting-out method and analyzed by the techniques of PCR-RFLP. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated and data were analyzed using the χ2 test. We found a statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to IL-10 genotype distribution (p = 0.001) and allele frequencies (p < 0.0002). However, we did not found any difference between the groups with regarding TGF-β1 genotype distribution and allele frequencies (p > 0.05). In the combined genotype analysis, IL-10/TGF-β1 CCCC combine genotype was also estimated risk factor for osteoporosis in Turkish postmenopausal women (p = 0.026). To our knowledge, this is the first report to examine IL-10 gene −597 C>A polymorphism and osteoporosis in Turkish population. 相似文献
102.
Adem Aydin Yavuz Selvi Lutfullah Besiroglu Murat Boysan Abdullah Atli Osman Ozdemir Sultan Kilic Ragıp Balaharoglu 《Journal of affective disorders》2013
It has been commonly recognized that circadian rhythm and sleep/wake cycle are causally involved in bipolar disorder. There has been a paucity of systematic research considering the relations between sleep and mood states in bipolar disorder. The current study examines the possible influences of sleep deprivation on mood states and endocrine functions among first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Blood samples were taken at two time points in the consecutive mornings at predeprivation and postdeprivation periods. Participants simultaneously completed the Profiles of Mood States at two time points after giving blood samples. Plasma T3 and TSH levels increased after total sleep deprivation in both groups. Sleep deprivation induced TSH levels were reversely associated with depression–dejection among healthy controls. A paradoxical effect was detected for only the first-degree relatives of the patients that changes in plasma cortisol levels negatively linked to depression–dejection and anger–hostility scores after total sleep deprivation. Plasma DHEA levels became correlated with vigor-activity scores after sleep deprivation among first-degree relatives of bipolar patients. On the contrary, significant associations of depression–dejection, anger–hostility, and confusion–bewilderment with the baseline plasma DHEA levels became statistically trivial in the postdeprivation period. Findings suggested that first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder had completely distinct characteristics with respect to sleep deprivation induced responses in terms of associations between endocrine functions and mood states as compared to individuals whose relatives had no psychiatric problems. Considering the relationships between endocrine functions and mood states among relatives of the patients, it appears like sleep deprivation changes the receptor sensitivity which probably plays a pivotal role on mood outcomes among the first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder. 相似文献
103.
104.
Kara R. Melmed Elizabeth Carroll Aaron S. Lord Amelia K. Boehme Koto Ishida Cen Zhang Jose L. Torres Shadi Yaghi Barry M. Czeisler Jennifer A. Frontera Ariane Lewis 《Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases》2021,30(8):105870
ObjectivesSystemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and hematoma expansion are independently associated with worse outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the relationship between SIRS and hematoma expansion remains unclear.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients admitted to our hospital from 2013 to 2020 with primary spontaneous ICH with at least two head CTs within the first 24 hours. The relationship between SIRS and hematoma expansion, defined as ≥6 mL or ≥33% growth between the first and second scan, was assessed using univariable and multivariable regression analysis. We assessed the relationship of hematoma expansion and SIRS on discharge mRS using mediation analysis.ResultsOf 149 patients with ICH, 83 (56%; mean age 67±16; 41% female) met inclusion criteria. Of those, 44 (53%) had SIRS. Admission systolic blood pressure (SBP), temperature, antiplatelet use, platelet count, initial hematoma volume and rates of infection did not differ between groups (all p>0.05). Hematoma expansion occurred in 15/83 (18%) patients, 12 (80%) of whom also had SIRS. SIRS was significantly associated with hematoma expansion (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.16 - 17.39, p= 0.02) on univariable analysis. The association remained statistically significant after adjusting for admission SBP and initial hematoma volume (OR 5.72, 95% CI 1.40 – 23.41, p= 0.02). There was a significant indirect effect of SIRS on discharge mRS through hematoma expansion. A significantly greater percentage of patients with SIRS had mRS 4-6 at discharge (59 vs 33%, p=0.02).ConclusionSIRS is associated with hematoma expansion of ICH within the first 24 hours, and hematoma expansion mediates the effect of SIRS on poor outcome. 相似文献
105.
Tuba Kara Ebru Serinsoz Rabia Bozdogan Arpaci Ozlem Gubur Gulhan Orekici Alper Ata Tahsin Colak Ali Arican 《Pathology, research and practice》2013
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, and the majority contain KIT or PDGFRA-activating mutations. However, up to 10% of GISTs are c-kit-negative. Antibodies with increased sensitivity and specificity for the detection of c-kit-negative GIST cases may be of value, especially because some of these cases may also benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. 相似文献
106.
Limongi Roberto Mackinley Michael Dempster Kara Khan Ali R. Gati Joseph S. Palaniyappan Lena 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》2021,271(1):3-15
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), when applied to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC), reduces negative... 相似文献
107.
Shakinah T. Chellappa Reshma Maredia Kara Phipps William E. Haskins Tao Weitao 《Research in microbiology》2013,164(10):1019-1027
DNA-damaging antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin induce biofilm formation and the SOS response through autocleavage of SOS-repressor LexA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the biofilm-SOS connection remains poorly understood. It was investigated with 96-well and lipid biofilm assays. The effects of ciprofloxacin were examined on biofilm stimulation of the SOS mutant and wild-type strains. The stimulation observed in the wild-type in which SOS was induced was reduced in the mutant in which LexA was made non-cleavable (LexAN) and thus SOS non-inducible. Therefore, the stimulation appeared to involve SOS. The possible mechanisms of inducible biofilm formation were explored by subproteomic analysis of outer membrane fractions extracted from biofilms. The data predicted an inhibitory role of LexA in flagellum function. This premise was tested first by functional and morphological analyses of flagellum-based motility. The flagellum swimming motility decreased in the LexAN strain treated with ciprofloxacin. Second, the motility-biofilm assay was performed, which tested cell migration and biofilm formation. The results showed that wild-type biofilm increased significantly over the LexAN. These results suggest that LexA repression of motility, which is the initial event in biofilm development, contributes to repression of SOS-inducible biofilm formation. 相似文献
108.
Murat Kara Mert Calis Ilkem Kara Mavis Emel Kulak Kayikci Riza Onder Gunaydin Figen Ozgur 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2021,49(3):215-222
BackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare speech outcomes, fistula rates, and rates of secondary speech surgeries after palatoplasty using Furlow palatoplasty or type 2b intravelar veloplasty for soft palate repair.Patients and methodsPatients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had either Furlow palatoplasty or intravelar veloplasty for soft palate repair were retrospectively evaluated for demographic and perioperative variables and speech outcomes. Fistula rate, secondary surgical intervention for improved speech results, and findings of speech assessment were further reviewed for the patients who met the inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 76 patients, 36 in the Furlow palatoplasty group and 40 in the intravelar veloplasty group, were included in the study. In the speech assessment, nasalance values were statistically similar between the two groups. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in velopharyngeal motility (p = 0.103). The total rates of secondary surgeries and fistula were statistically similar between the groups (p = 0.347 and 0.105, respectively).ConclusionThe similar outcomes of speech and surgical evaluation between the two groups make the surgeon's preference determinant in the selection of the surgical technique for soft palate repair. 相似文献
109.
Aykut Recep Akta? Emel G?zlek ?mer Y?lmaz Mustafa Kayan Nisa ünlü Hakan Demirta? Bumin De?irmenci Mustafa Kara 《Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey)》2015,21(1):67-70
PURPOSE
We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and complications of transthoracic CT-guided biopsy techniques.METHODS
A total of 94 CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy procedures performed in 85 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Core biopsy technique was used in 87 procedures and transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used in seven procedures.RESULTS
Diagnostic results were achieved in 79 of 94 biopsy procedures. Pathology results were malignant in 54 patients, suspicious for malignancy in three patients, benign in five patients, and benign nonspecific in 17 patients. Specific diagnoses were obtained in 59 patients (62.8%) using core biopsy, but no specific diagnosis could be reached with transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Complications included pneumothorax in 27 patients (28.7%) and parenchymal hemorrhage during and after the procedure in eight patients (8.5%).CONCLUSIONS
CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is a highly accurate procedure for histopathological diagnosis of thoracic masses. In addition, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy has an acceptably low complication rate and it reduces the need for more invasive surgical procedures.Since the beginning of the 21st century, lung cancer has been cited as one of the most common causes of death (1). World Health Organization declared lung cancer as the first leading cause of death in men and second in women, among all types of cancers (2).Percutaneous transthoracic biopsies are performed either using fine-needle aspiration biopsy (transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy, TTFNAB) method or using the incisional or core biopsy method. Incisional biopsy and core biopsy are used to obtain a part of tissue from the lesion for histological diagnosis. On the other hand, TTFNAB is used to obtain aspiration material, which is used for cytological examination and lesion diagnosis (3, 4).Indications of transthoracic needle biopsy include solitary and multiple pulmonary nodules, mass lesions, persistent focal infiltration, consolidation, presence of cavities and abscesses, pleural lesions, and mediastinal and hilar mass diagnosis (3, 5).The aim of this study was to investigate the technique, suitability, and complications in CT-guided transthoracic biopsy of lung masses. 相似文献110.