Retrospective analysis of antiretroviral HIV treatment success based on medical history or guided by the reverse hybridisation LiPA HIV genotyping system

The changes in viral load and CD4(+) count at 3 and 6 months in a group of 166 HIV-infected patients was evaluated. The new therapy was chosen based on the medical history procedures for 70 patients, and in 96 patients it was guided by the partial or complete result of the line probe assay (LiPA) HIV RT and Protease resistance tests. The absolute difference from the baseline of the log viral load at 3 and 6 months was significantly different between the two groups when adjusted for baseline viral load (P < 0.0001) and stayed significant when intention-to-treat analysis was carried out (P < 0.001). The absolute difference of the CD4(+) count was not significantly different when adjusted for baseline CD4(+) (P = 0.854, 3 months; P = 0.06, 6 months). The proportion of patients with a viral load 相似文献   

Tuberculosis: a current problem

Tuberculosis is a public health problem. If the current trends continue, is expected to arrive to 10.2 million of new cases in 2005. There are three studies accomplished in 1995 in Mexican patients. The results show important difficulty in the application and the follow-up of the program of control of the tuberculosis, what has caused accumulation of chronic cases, moderate rate of primary resistance and alarming levels of primary and secondary multiresistance (23%). Mechanism of protective immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in humans have not been clarified. Different subpopulations of lymphocytes CD4, CD8 and other populations as well as macrophages, and monocytes, have an important role. In industrialized countries, the managing of the MDRTB is based on the use of individualized treatments with second line drugs according to susceptibility test, however the foregoing has not been possible to apply it middle or low income countries. WHO has launches the initiative "DOTS plus" that consist in the administration of a standarized regimen on the basis of epidemiology of resistance in the country or region.     

Identification of two homologous antigenic peptides derived from L1 HPV-16 and 18 proteins specific for the HLA-B*3901 allele

Summary.  In this work we present evidence that the homologous peptides IHSMNSTIL and IHSMNSSIL derived from L1 HPV-16 and 18 proteins respectively, and with high specificity for the allele HLA-B^*3901, according with an algorithm prediction program, induced T cell stimulation in patients with advanced cervical cancer positive for HPV-16 or 18 infection and for the HLA-B^*3901 allele. Interestingly, T lymphocytes derived from a patient with HPV-18 infection and stimulated with the peptide IHSMNSTIL were capable to kill a cervical cancer cell line named Rova, derived from the tumor of the same patient. In addition, the cytotoxic activity was strongly increased when this cell line was previously treated with hrIFN-γ. These results suggest that the CTL immune response to L1 HPV-16 and 18 protein derived epitopes is maintained in patients with advanced cervical cancer within specific alleles, and opens the possibility that homologous epitopes may be used in the generation of prophylactic vaccines for cervical tumors bearing different HPV-types. Received March 4, 2002; accepted May 20, 2002     

Two new mutations and three novel polymorphisms in the<Emphasis Type="Italic"> RB1</Emphasis> gene in Ecuadorian patients

RB1 is the gene responsible for retinoblastoma, the most common malignant intraocular tumor of infancy and early childhood. There are no reports about this gene in Ecuadorian populations, and only a few studies have been published in Latin America about this subject. There is a spectrum of more than 370 mutations described in the RB1 gene mutation database (http://www.d-lohmann.de/Rb/mutations.html), and alterations have been found in 25 of the 27 exons. During the exon-by-exon analysis of 31 tumor and blood samples from Ecuadorian patients, we found two new mutations and three novel polymorphisms. One of the polymorphisms is located in intron 26 where no alterations of the gene have been described previously. The polymorphisms were found in all of the patients tumor samples, but not in normal population, suggesting there might be a relationship between these polymorphisms and the development of retinoblastoma in the Ecuadorian population.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the GenBank database under the accession numbers: AY243567, AY260472, AY260473, AY273783     

Expression of the proteoglycans versican and mel-CSPG in dysplastic nevi

Nevi with architectural disorder and cytologic atypia of melanocytes (NAD) (also called dysplastic nevi) have been controversial with regard to their relationship with melanoma risk and to their gradation in 3 degrees of atypia. Versican and the melanoma-associated proteoglycan (mel-CSPG) are 2 major proteoglycans expressed by malignant melanoma, and they have a role in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. We evaluated the differences in versican and mel-CSPG expression in nevi, NAD with several degrees of atypia, and primary malignant melanoma. Immunoreactivity for versican was negative in benign melanocytic nevi, positive in NAD (ranging from weakly to intensely positive), and intensely positive in malignant melanoma. Immunostaining for mel-CSPG was negative in benign melanocytic nevi and mild to moderately positive in NAD and melanoma. Our results suggest that versican expression may be of value for distinguishing NAD from benign melanocytic nevi and for distinguishing severe NAD from mild and moderate NAD.     

Identification of 26 new constitutional RB1 gene mutations in Spanish, Colombian, and Cuban retinoblastoma patients

Constitutional mutations in the RB1 gene predispose to retinoblastoma development. Hence genetic screening of retinoblastoma patients and relatives is important for genetic counseling purposes. In addition, RB1 gene mutation studies may help decipher the molecular mechanisms leading to tumors with different degrees of penetrance or expressivity. In the course of genetically screening of 107 hereditary and non-hereditary retinoblastoma patients (11 familiar bilateral, 4 familiar unilateral, 49 sporadic bilateral and 43 sporadic unilateral) and kindred from Spain, Colombia and Cuba, using direct PCR sequencing, we observed 45 distinct mutations and four RB1 deletions in 53 patients (9 familiar bilateral, 2 familiar unilateral, 31 sporadic bilateral and 11 sporadic unilateral). Most of these mutations (26/45, 57%) have not been reported before. In 32 patients, the predisposing mutations correspond to nonsense (mainly CpG transitions) and small insertions or deletions whose expected outcome is a truncated Rb protein that lacks the functional pockets and tail. Five single aminoacid replacements and seventeen mutations affecting splicing sites were also observed in retinoblastoma patients. Two of these sixteen mutations are of unclear pathogenic nature.     

HPLC analysis of 16 compounds from Artemisia ordosica

Objective: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of sixteen compounds from Artemisia ordosica. Methods: HPLC was used to analyze 16 quality indicators of A. ordosica. The HPLC conditions were as follows: Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile (A)-water (B) as mobile phase, gradient elution: 0?10 min, 75%?65% B; 10?30 min, 65%?35 % B; and finally 30?40 min, 35%?15% B. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 40 °C, the injection volume was 10 μL, and monitored by absorbance at 285 nm for compounds 1?10, 12 and 225 nm for compounds 11, 13?16. Results: Under the selected experimental chromatographic conditions, compounds 1?16 showed good linearity (r > 0.9993) in a wide concentration range. Their average recoveries were 99.50%, 95.38%, 97.75%, 96.00%, 98.20%, 97.50%, 95.50%, 99.33%, 96.75%, 96.50%, 98.50%, 97.83%, 99.20%, 95.33%, 97.33% and 96.30%, respectively, and the RSD were 1.99%, 1.81%, 1.63%, 1.98%, 1.67%, 1.92%, 1.74%, 1.67%, 1.90%, 1.72%, 1.88%, 1.83%, 1.79%, 1.76%, 1.81% and 1.96%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the HPLC analysis, it was concluded that p-hydroxycinnamic acid (1), O-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), coniferyl alcohol (5), 5,4''-dihydroxy-7,3''-dimethoxyflavanone (8), 5,4''-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (9), 5-hydroxy-7,4''-dimethoxyflavanone (12), dehydrofalcarindiol (13), arteordoyn A (14), dehydrofalcarinol (15) and capillarin (16) are best suited for the role of quality indicators of A. ordosica grown in different ecological environments.     

ALPPS与采用不同栓塞材料PVE对肝再生及手术切除率影响研究

目的 比较不同栓塞材料的门静脉栓塞术（PVE）与联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术（ALPPS）对剩余肝体积（FLR）增长速率的影响,比较各组FLR的增长速率,二期手术切除率、术中数据和术后并发症。方法 采用单中心、前瞻性、非随机对照的对比研究。2014年11月至2019年12月,海军军医大学第三附属医院共126例因FLR不足导致无法切除的肝细胞癌（HCC）或肝内胆管癌（ICC）病人,将其分为4组：ALPPS组及分别采用氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）、微球、明胶海绵作为栓塞材料的PVE组。主要终点为FLR增长速率和二期手术切除率。结果 各组的手术切除例数及二期手术切除率分别为：ALPPS组38例（99.4%）,NBCA组32例（76.2%）,明胶海绵组20例（60.6%）,微球组10例（83.3%）。ALPPS组、NBCA组、微球组的FLR增长速率分别为15.1 mL/d,10.0 mL/d和 8.5 mL/d,均高于明胶海绵组（3.7 mL/d）。结论 采用NBCA及微球作为栓塞材料的PVE导致FLR增长速率低于ALPPS,两种栓塞材料的PVE二期手术切除率相当。使用NBCA作为栓塞材料的PVE其FLR增长速率高于微球,且这两种栓塞材料的栓塞效果均优于明胶海绵。