超声心动图检测正常和主动脉缩窄胎儿主动脉及其意义

目的 探讨中晚孕期胎儿主动脉各段及分支内径的正常参考值范围,研究主动脉缩窄胎儿相应值的变化.方法 检测234例14~41孕周正常胎儿主动脉矢状断面上主动脉根部、升主动脉、主动脉横部、主动脉峡部、降主动脉、头臂干、左颈总动脉、左锁骨下动脉内径,并建立孕周与各项检测指标的直线相关方程.计算正常组与病例组主动脉各段与升主动脉的比值并比较.结果 主动脉各段及分支内径随孕周的增加而增加(P<0.01).主动脉缩窄组胎儿主动脉峡部/升主动脉及降主动脉/升主动脉比值与对照组比较明显降低(P<0.01).结论 监测中晚孕期胎儿主动脉峡部/升主动脉及降主动脉/升主动脉比值可作为主动脉缩窄的产前诊断筛查指标.

Abstract：

Objective To establish normal reference indexes of aorta during gestation and cut-points for detection of fetuses with coarctation of aorta.Methods From long-axis views of the aortic arch,the internal diameter of the aortic root,ascending aorta,transverse aortic arch,aortic isthmus,descending aorta,anonyma,left common carotid artery,left subclavian artery were measured in 234 normal fetuses at different time ranging from 14 to 41 weeks during gestation.Reference values of each aortic segment were constructed by linear regression analysis.The ratio of each aortic segment to the ascending aorta were calculated.ResultsThe internal diameter in each aortic segments increased as pregnancy progressed (P<0.01).In the prenatal diagnosis of fetus with coarctation of the aorta,the ratio of the aortic isthmus to the ascending aorta and descending aorta to the ascending aorta were significantly lower than the normal fetuses(all P<0.01).Conclusions The ratio of the aortic isthmus to the ascending aorta and ratio of descending aorta to the ascending aorta detected by echocardiography may be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of aorta.     

胎儿高位空肠闭锁超声表现

目的 观察胎儿高位空肠闭锁的超声表现。方法 回顾性分析经出生后手术确诊高位空肠闭锁的32胎胎儿资料，观察其特征性超声表现，评价产前超声所测增宽肠管的长度与生后术中测量空肠闭锁部位至屈氏（Treitz）韧带之间肠管长度的关系。结果 产前超声中，32胎多见增宽肠管呈"C"型分布，且末端均超过脊柱左缘，孕晚期增宽肠管长度均大于胃泡长度；21胎于孕28周前、11胎于孕28周及之后检出异常；31胎肠管增宽或呈"双泡征"，1胎于孕21⁺³周见腹腔钙化灶，无肠管增宽及腹腔积液；25胎增宽肠管与胃泡相通、7胎不相通；28胎增宽肠管长度及内径均随孕周而增加，2胎仅见增宽肠管内径增加，2胎内径减小。孕晚期产前超声所测增宽肠管的长度（Y）与术中测量的闭锁部位至屈氏韧带之间的肠管长度（X）呈线性正相关，回归方程为Y=0.33X+86.43（F=7.719，R²=0.36，P<0.05）。结论 高位空肠闭锁胎儿超声多见增宽肠管呈"C"型分布并与胃泡相通，其末端超过脊柱左缘；结合超声测量增宽肠管的长度有助于诊断。