3－硝基－1，2，4－三唑类乏氧细胞放射增敏剂的构效关系

为了寻找毒性低、增敏作用强的乏氧细胞放射增敏剂，设计并合成了一系列５－溴－，５－甲基－，和５－未取代的３－硝基－１，２，４－三唑－１－乙酰胺类化合物，用ＨｅＬａＳ３细胞进行了体外试验。结果表明５－溴取代衍生物的增敏作用强于相应的５－甲基－或５－未取代的硝基三唑衍生物，但是它们的毒性亦增大。修饰１位乙酰胺侧链也可以改变化合物的增敏作用和亲脂性。在所测定的化合物中ＴＡ－１０１［２－（３－硝基－１－三唑基）乙酰胺］由于有高的增敏作用和低亲脂性，可能是一个有希望的放射增敏剂。     

大鼠舌咽和迷走神经感觉神经节内P2X2、P2X3受体与calretinin和IB4结合位点的共存

应用免疫组织化学荧光三标方法结合激光共聚焦显微镜技术研究了大鼠舌咽和神经迷走神经感觉神经节内ATP受体P2X2、P2X3与calretinin、植物凝集素(IB4)结合位点的共存。结果显示:舌咽和迷走神经感觉神经节内可见大量P2X2、P2X3阳性的神经元胞体和纤维,P2X2受体阳性细胞多为大、中、小型神经元,P2X3阳性细胞多为中、小型神经元;可见较多的P2X2/IB4及P2X3/IB4双标神经元。有(91.1±4.7)%(结状神经节)、(78.8±2.4)%(岩神经节)、(76.8±2.7)%(颈静脉神经节)为P2X2阳性细胞;(77.0±3.2)%(结状神经节)、(91.2±3.9)%(岩神经节)、(78.4±3.6)%(颈静脉神经节)的P2X3阳性细胞结合IB4;有8.9±1.6%(结状神经节)、7.7±1.4%(岩神经节)、9.1±1.1%(颈静脉神经节)的P2X2阳性细胞呈calretinin阳性;三神经节内均观察到少量P2X2/calretinin/IB4三标细胞。P2X3/calretinin双标或P2X3/calretinin/IB4三标神经元数量较少。这些结果提示,舌咽和迷走神经感觉神经节内ATP受体P2X2、P2X3与IB4结合位点存在广泛的共存,部分P2X2受体与calretinin存在着共存。     

P2X2和P2X3受体在小鼠咽粘膜味蕾内的分布

应用免疫组织化学双标记技术研究ATP受体的P2X2和P2X3受体亚型在小鼠咽部粘膜味蕾和邻近组织内的分布,探究ATP在咽部味觉及一般感觉信号传导中的作用。在咽部各水平粘膜味蕾内均可观察到许多P2X2受体阳性味细胞和基细胞,未见P2X2受体阳性的神经纤维。许多降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)阳性神经纤维围绕在味蕾周围,并发出分支与P2X2受体阳性味细胞和基细胞形成密切接触。P2X3受体多在咽部粘膜上皮味蕾内的神经终末表达,P2X3受体阳性纤维在粘膜基底部形成纤维束并与粘膜下P2X3受体阳性纤维相连,其分支在味蕾基底部形成神经丛,由神经丛发出神经终末到达顶部的味孔和味蕾各部,未见味蕾细胞表达P2X3受体。在无味蕾的粘膜上皮内,也观察到少量P2X3受体阳性神经终末。CGRP阳性纤维缠绕在味蕾周围,并发出分支与味蕾内的P2X3受体阳性纤维形成密切接触。上述结果表明ATP可能是咽粘膜内味觉信号感受与传导的神经递质。     

Combined Hepatopancreaticobiliary Volume and Hepatectomy Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients at Low-Volume Liver Centers

1. Download : Download high-res image (269KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Serum interleukin 2 receptor levels in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The clinical significance of interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) concentrations in serum was determined for 344 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Serum levels of IL2R in patients (267 to 80,000 U/mL, median 2,007 U/mL) were significantly higher than normal control values (170 to 738 U/mL, median 347 U/mL) (P less than .0001). Measurements in cases of T cell ALL were lower than in the non-T, non-B cases (P = .02). Among the 264 patients with non-T, non-B ALL, but not in those with T cell disease, higher serum IL2R levels (greater than 2,000 U/mL) were associated with a poorer treatment outcome (P = .04). In a multivariate analysis, serum IL2R level contributed independent prognostic information beyond that conveyed by leukocyte count, race, and age (P = .04). One explanation for these results is that soluble IL2R competes with normal lymphocyte- integrated IL2R for the ligand and thus could suppress host antitumor immunity.     

Noninterference of isosulfan blue on estrogen-receptor activity

Because a 1% sterile solution of methylene blue used for occult breast tumor localization has been shown to interfere with the estrogen-receptor protein (ERP) binding-capacity assay, isosulfan blue in a 1% injection was studied as a potential alternate stain. Cytosols derived from ERP-positive lyophilized powders and human breast tissue were evaluated with and without varying levels of treatment with isosulfan blue. No modification of the ERP-specific binding capacity was found with this stain. The use of isosulfan blue for localization of occult breast tumor is suggested when an ERP binding capacity assay is anticipated.     

Lethal neonatal Menkes' disease with severe vasculopathy and fractures

A male neonate presented with an acute onset of severe intra-abdominal bleeding, haemorrhagic shock and multiple fractures leading to death on d 27. Menkes' disease was diagnosed at autopsy and confirmed by copper accumulation studies on cultured fibroblasts. Such an early onset of fatal complications in this condition has not been previously reported. New insights into the pathogenesis of Menkes' disease provided by DNA mutation analysis and difficulties in neonatal diagnosis are discussed. Menkes' disease should be considered in male infants with pathological fractures and other signs of connective tissue disease, even in the neonatal period.     

Posner-Schlossman syndrome induced laser in situ keratomileusis keratectasia–a case report

Letter to the editor     

成体干细胞治疗脑梗死的相关研究进展

目的:就成体干细胞移植治疗脑梗死的研究进展进行综述。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline 1995-01/2006-12和highware 1995-01/2006-12期间干细胞移植和脑梗死关系的文献,检索词“stem cell,transplantation,stroke,therapy”,并限定文章语言种类为英文。同时检索CBMdisc、维普数据库1998-01/2006-05期间的相关文献,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“干细胞,移植,脑梗死治疗”。资料选择:选取干细胞移植和脑梗死关系的文献进行初审,删除胚胎干细胞和与脑梗死无关的的文章,然后查找余下文献的全文。资料提炼:共检索50篇干细胞移植与脑梗死的相关文献,其中30篇符合要求。排除的20篇中,15篇属于胚胎干细胞研究的内容,5篇属于重复的研究。资料综合:成体干细胞移植治疗脑梗死是一种新的治疗方法,初步的动物研究证明它能改善神经功能缺失症状。但还存在一些问题,如成体干细胞移植的存活时间、安全性、体外培养的最适条件等。其作用机制也有待进一步深入研究。总的来说,成体干细胞来源充足,容易获取,可通过体外培养扩增,可静脉注射,从而避免侵入性的操作即可到达损伤脑的局部,利用自身的成体干细胞进行移植还可以避免移植物抗宿主反应,因此作为“种子”细胞优于的胚胎干细胞,不存在伦理的问题。结论:成体干细胞移植治疗脑梗死还存在一些问题,其作用机制也有待进一步深入研究,其作为“种子”细胞优于胚胎干细胞,不存在伦理的问题,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

Aplastic anemia with fetallike erythropoiesis following androgen therapy

A 43/4-yr-old black girl with acquired aplastic anemia had an increase in total hemoglobin (Hb) from 4.5 to 16.8 g/dl and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) from 0.8 g/dl (18.8%) to 9.6 g/dl (60.2%) following combined androgen-adrenal steroid therapy. Discontinuation of the drugs was followed by a decline in both HbF and total Hb. Reinstitution of the combined steroids prompted a second rise in total and fetal hemoglobin. During these responses the subject's erythrocytes exhibited an increased i antigen score and a low level of red cell carbonic anhydrase. The glycine:alanine ratio at position 136 of the gamma chains of HbF was of the fetal type (proportion of chains with glycine residues, 0.74). Hemoglobin A2 was low (0.4%). The synthesis of alpha and non-alpha chains was balanced. These results indicate that the stimulation of red cell proliferation in this subject, in response to androgen therapy, resulted in the production of cells with several characteristics of "fetal" erythrocytes.