液体活组织检查在泌尿系肿瘤中的研究进展

泌尿系恶性肿瘤是一种发病率和病死率较高的疾病,早期发现、诊断、治疗反应和预后预测可以显著改善患者的生命质量。无创液体活组织检查的发展代表了精准医学领域的重大创新,开辟了癌症的精准医学和个体化治疗计划的新时代。循环生物标志物在泌尿系肿瘤的诊断、治疗反应和预后中显示出巨大的潜在效用。文章就液体活组织检查在泌尿系肿瘤中的研究进展进行综述。     

Over-expression of Thioredoxin-1 mediates growth, survival, and chemoresistance and is a druggable target in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse Large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are the most prevalent of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas and are currently initially treated fairly successfully, but frequently relapse as refractory disease, resulting in poor salvage therapy options and short survival. The greatest challenge in improving survival of DLBCL patients is overcoming chemo-resistance, whose basis is poorly understood. Among the potential mediators of DLBCL chemo-resistance is the thioredxoin (Trx) family, primarily because Trx family members play critical roles in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis, and recent studies have indicated that dysregulated redox homeostasis also plays a key role in chemoresistance. In this study, we showed that most of the DLBCL-derived cell lines and primary DLBCL cells express higher basal levels of Trx-1 than normal B cells and that Trx-1 expression level is associated with decreased patients survival. Our functional studies showed that inhibition of Trx-1 by small interfering RNA or a Trx-1 inhibitor (PX-12) inhibited DLBCL cell growth, clonogenicity, and also sensitized DLBCL cells to doxorubicin-induced cell growth inhibition in vitro. These results indicate that Trx-1 plays a key role in cell growth and survival, as well as chemoresistance, and is a potential target to overcome drug resistance in relapsed/refractory DLBCL.     

P糖蛋白在胃癌中的表达及预后关系

目的为了探讨P糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)在不同分型,分期胃癌中的表达及/与预后的关系。方法应用抗鼠抗人P-gp单克隆抗体JSB1对80例胃癌进行免疫组化研究。结果显示P-gp表达与临床分期有关(P<0.05),Ⅰ期表达率53.5%,Ⅱ期表达率63.1%,Ⅲ期66.6%,呈正相关。与胃癌组织分化程度无关(P>0.05)。不同生存年段的P-gp表达率无差异(P>0.05),但P-gp在癌旁正常组织中的阳性表达率与生存期有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论提示P-gp表达与胃癌的分期相关,与分型和预后无关,但癌旁正常组织中的表达与生存期呈正相关。     

芦笋茎皮化学成分的研究

从芦笋茎皮中分得７个化合物,经理化常数测定和光谱分析,分别鉴定为：十六烷酸（１）,二十四烷酸（Ⅱ）,β－谷甾醇（Ⅲ）,胡菌卜苷（Ⅳ）,亚莫苷元－３－Ｏ－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖（１→４）β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖苷（Ⅴ）,ａｓｐａｒａｓａｐｏｎｉｎⅡ（Ⅳ）,ａｓｐａｒａｓａｐｏｎｉｎⅠ（Ⅶ）。Ⅴ为首次从该属植物中分得的螺旋皂苷。     

Adjuvant radiotherapy for positive lymph nodes of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Can it earn promising benefits at long-term follow-up?

Purpose

The value of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with positive lymph nodes after curative resection of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is controversial. This study aims to investigate its long-term benefits in a specific cohort.

积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张的超声诊断

目的 为临床提供一种简便、迅速、无损伤的诊断积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张。方法 应用超声常规扫查两肾区．采取多方位、多切面．对11例积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张患进行检查。结果 超声所见与手术或X线造影基本一致。发生于左肾5例,右肾6例;9例位于上肾部,2例位于下肾部;合并结石1例．合并输尿管囊肿3例。结论 总结了6种积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张超声表现形式,凡具备其中表现形式之一即可直接作出积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张的诊断;如能与X线造影相结合,可提高有功能重复肾重重复辅尿管的诊断的准确率。     

普伐他汀抑制oxLDL诱导的人外周血单核细胞CD11b表达及与内皮的粘附

目的探讨普伐他汀对氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ｏｘＬＤＬ）诱导的人外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭｓ）粘附功能的影响,揭示其除调脂外的抗炎作用。方法在体外分离培养人ＰＢＭｓ和脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）,ＰＢＭｓ经ｏｘＬＤＬ诱导后,应用流式细胞仪和β Ｎ 乙酰氨基己糖苷酶比色法,检测单核细胞粘附分子ＣＤ１１ｂ表达及对ＨＵＶＥＣ的粘附,以及普伐他汀的作用。结果普伐他汀在５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１即可抑制ｏｘＬＤＬ诱导的ＰＢＭｓ对ＨＵＶＥＣ的粘附以及下调ＣＤ１１ｂ的表达（Ｐ＜００１）,呈浓度依赖方式;甲羟戊酸可对抗此抑制作用。结论普伐他汀除调脂作用外,尚可抑制循环血单核 巨噬细胞至内皮粘附聚集,具有抗炎作用;其机制与普伐他汀抑制胆固醇前体物质甲羟戊酸生成有关。     

益气活血药的药效学研究

益气活血药,系黄芪(Radix Astragali)、川芎(Rhizoma chuanxiong)复方注射液,本文对该药进行了主要药效学及一般药效学研究。实验结果表明:该药对豚鼠离体心脏的收缩力,心率,兴奋阈值无明显影响。对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌,小剂量使收缩,大剂量使舒张。对小鼠在常压与低压(-380mmHg)缺氧气下,存活时间显著延长(P<0.05)。对家兔血液检测,体外使红细胞压积,血沉,全血粘度,血浆粘度均降低(P<0.05),体内使红细胞压积,血沉下降。能改善小鼠的微循环障碍。对家兔,大鼠引起暂时的心率减慢,血压暂时略降低。对小鼠活动及呼吸改变不大。     

Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of antisense angiotensin II receptor 1 gene attenuates hypertension development

Aim：The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in the development and establishment of hypertension, and the pharmacological blockade of the system results in a reduction in blood pressure. In the present study, we investigated whether the effects of a novel, double-stranded, recombinant adeno-associated virus vector （rAAV）-mediated antisense angiotensin Ⅱ receptor 1 （AT1R） gene efficiently prevents the development of hypertension induced by a high-salt diet in adult, male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats. Methods：A rAAV was prepared with a cassette containing a cytomegalovirus promoter and partial cDNA （660 base pairs） for the AT1R inserted in the antisense direction （rAAV-AT1-AS）. A single tail vein injection of the rAAV-AT1-AS or rAAV-GFP （green fluorescent protein, a reporter gene） was performed in adult, male SD rats. Two weeks after injection, the animals were fed a diet containing 8% NaCl, and the systolic blood pressure was measured weekly using the tail-cuff method for 12 weeks. Results： The high-salt diet induced a significant rise in systolic blood pressure in the rAAV-GFP-treated animals; however, the rAAV-AT1-AS treatment attenuated the rise in blood pressure （142.7±4.5 mmHg vs 117±3.8 mmHg, P〈0.01）, and the hypotensive effect was maintained until the experiments ended at 12 weeks. In the rAAV-GFP-treated animals AT1 was overexpressed in various tissues, especially in the aorta and kidney at mRNA levels; in contrast, rAAV-AT1-AS treatment markedly attenuated AT1 expression. Furthermore, rAAV-AT1-AS treatment prevented target organ damages from hypertension, including cardiac dysfunction and renal injury compared to the rAAV-GFP group. Conclusion：These results suggest that rAAVmediated anti-AT1 delivery attenuates the development of hypertension and protects against renal injury and cardiac remodeling.