一侧睾丸扭转对侧睾丸预防性固定必要性的研究

目的探讨睾丸扭转对侧睾丸预防性固定必要性。方法分析31例睾丸扭转病人做预防性固定及末做预防性固定后盲发生睾丸扭转的机率。结果仅1例未做预防性固定后再发生睾丸扭转。结论 一侧睾丸扭转对侧睾丸的预防性固定有手术的必要性，但并非绝对必须。     

内结扎法腹腔镜巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术

目的总结腹腔镜下内结扎法巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术的经验。方法采用丝线结扎结合超声刀或LigaSure，进行腹腔镜巨脾切除和选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症并发食管胃底静脉曲张6例。结果6例手术全部镜下顺利完成，术中出血量80-200ml，平均130ml，无输血，无中转开腹，手术时间150-210min平均190min。无并发症，术后5天恢复正常活动。术后随访3—10个月，平均8个月，无再发出血。结论应用内结扎法腹腔镜巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症安全有效，出血少，微创。     

Comparison of 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging with modified MDRD equation for glomerular filtration rate estimation in Chinese patients in different stages of chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: The renal dynamic imaging method (modified Gate's method) with (99m)Tc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) is simple and less time consuming for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation than other methods. However, its diagnostic performance as a surrogate marker of GFR is questioned increasingly. Recently, the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation based on data from Chinese patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) showed significant performance improvement. In the present study, the renal dynamic imaging methods and the modified abbreviated MDRD equation were compared with the plasma clearance method. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty two patients with CKD were selected. GFR were estimated simultaneously using three methods: (i) modified Gate's method (gGFR); (ii) the modified abbreviated MDRD equation (c-aGFR) and (iii) dual plasma sampling method (rGFR). Using rGFR as the reference method, gGFR and c-aGFR were compared with rGFR in each stage of CKD. RESULTS: Both gGFR and c-aGFR were correlated well with rGFR (r(gGFR) = 0.81 and r(c-aGFR) = 0.90, P < 0.001). In the overall performance, c-aGFR had less bias (849.5 vs 933.1 arbitrary units), higher precision (57 vs 78.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) and higher accuracy than gGFR. For gGFR, the 15, 30 and 50% accuracies were 32.4, 56.0 and 79.1%, respectively; for c-aGFR, the corresponding accuracy rose to 43.2%, 75.5% and 90.9%, respectively. In each stage of CKD, the modified abbreviated MDRD equation also outperformed the modified Gate's method in the GFR estimation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the performance of the renal dynamic imaging in total GFR estimation was not better than the modified abbreviated MDRD equation in our patient group, and should not be used as a surrogate marker of GFR, especially in clinical trials. We presume that the dynamic renal imaging methods for estimation of GFR can be improved by using proper reference GFR, more adequate background subtraction and soft-tissue attenuation correction, in a relatively larger sample size.     

Improved GFR estimation by combined creatinine and cystatin C measurements

Plasma creatinine may not reflect glomerular filtration rate (GFR) especially in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Plasma cystatin C (cysC), however, has the potential to more accurately determine early GFR reduction. We sought to improve the creatinine-based GFR estimation by including cysC measurements. We derived a reference GFR from standard dual plasma sampling (99m)Tc-DTPA clearance in a training cohort of 376 randomly selected adult Chinese patients with CKD. We compared reference values to estimated GFR and applied multiple regression models to one equation based solely on cysC, and to another combining plasma creatinine (Pcr) and cysC measurements of the training cohort. The results were validated by testing an additional 191 patients. The difference, precision, and accuracy of the two estimates were compared with the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation for Chinese patients, and another estimate combining cysC and modified MDRD calculations. The estimated GFR combining Pcr and cysC measurements more accurately matched the reference GFR at all stages of CKD than the other equations, particularly in patients with near-normal kidney function.     

The ratio of femoral head diameter to pelvic height in the normal hips of a Chinese population

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether the ratio between the femoral head diameter and pelvic height in a Chinese population is the same as that found in Westerners.

Materials and methods

Standard pelvic radiography was performed on a group of 187 Chinese adult subjects consisting of 81 males and 106 females with a mean age of 40 years (21–68 years). Femoral head diameter (vertical distance from the femoral head–neck junction to the highest point of the femoral head) and pelvic height (vertical distance from the highest point of the iliac crest to the edge of the ischial tuberosities) were measured.

Results

There were significant differences between males and females (p < 0.001), and between persons of high height versus low height (p = 0.011) and medium height (p = 0.039). There were no significant differences between persons of different age (p = 0.244), body mass index (p = 0.091), or between persons of low- and medium-height groups (p = 0.69). The overall mean ratio between the femoral head diameter and pelvic height was 0.215 (0.173–0.249) with a 95 % CI = 0.214–0.217. The mean ratios in males and females were 0.221 (0.194–0.249) and 0.211 (0.173–0.238), respectively.

Conclusion

The mean ratio in Chinese population was similar to the reported ratio in a western population (about 1:5). We suggest that Chinese surgeons may be able to use the Crowe classification to classify patients with hip dysplasia.     

肝外胆管癌术后辅助放化疗治疗进展

肝外胆管癌（ECC）是一种恶性程度较高的肿瘤,即使在病变早期进行根治性切除手术,患者术后仍有较高的复发率,总体生存率低。近几年来,ECC术后辅助治疗的研究逐渐开展,以吉西他滨、氟尿嘧啶等为基础的辅助化疗或联合放、化疗可使ECC患者术后获益,延长患者的总生存期。然而现有的辅助治疗方案各异,缺少ECC术后辅助治疗的标准方案。本文结合最新发表的研究结果,讨论ECC术后辅助治疗的现状和主要措施。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛切除套入式吻合102例经验

目的探讨腹部无切口经肛门切除标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合术的安全性和可行性及临床疗效。 方法从2010年3月至2017年12月对102例低位直肠癌行腹腔镜下根治经肛门切除行套入式吻合保肛术,男43例,女59例。年龄36～81岁(平均59.6岁)。肿瘤距肛缘5～7 cm 85例,4 cm 17例,术前评估T₁N₀M₀ 79例,T₂N₀M₀ 23例。采用中间入路用超声刀沿乙状结肠系膜根部游离并裸化肠系膜下动静脉根部后,施夹并切断。按TME原则,游离直肠至肛管直肠环达肿瘤远端3～5 cm。会阴部手术距齿状线上2 cm处环型切开,沿黏膜下锐性向上剥离至提肛肌平面切断直肠,将直肠及远端乙状结肠一并从肛门移出体外切除,行套入式近端结肠全层与直肠黏膜及肠黏膜下吻合。 结果本组102例,手术平均时间为179 min,平均检出淋巴结13枚,术后发生吻合口漏3例(2.9%)行临时结肠造口,3个月后还纳愈合。吻合口狭窄2例(1.9%),经扩张后狭窄解除。术后病理为T₁～T₂N₀M₀ 49例,T₂N₁M₀ 53例。术后12个月肛门功能,Kirwan分级1级占94.1%,肛门功能基本恢复到正常。术后随访6～84月,平均45个月,局部肿瘤复发4例(3.9%),生存满3年以上67例。 结论腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛门切除套入式吻合保肛术,是安全可行,真正达到腹部无手术切口、无瘢痕、美容美观、完全微创的最佳效果,其远期疗效待进一步随访观察。     

BMP9诱导可逆永生化小鼠瓣膜间质细胞成骨能力研究

目的：建立具有快速增殖能力的可逆永生化主动脉瓣膜间质细胞系。方法：体视显微镜下利用弹簧剪夹取瓣膜组织,胶原酶消化后加入逆转录永生化病毒,利用免疫荧光鉴定细胞是否属于间质细胞,显微镜观察细胞形态,结晶紫、CCK-8和流式细胞周期技术检测细胞增殖能力,碱性磷酸酶染色和茜素红钙盐沉积实验检测细胞成骨能力,q-PCR及Western blot检测细胞成骨标志物。结果：经光镜观察和免疫荧光鉴定,成功取到瓣膜间质细胞。加入永生化病毒后,经光镜观察和免疫荧光确认瓣膜间质细胞未发生表型改变,且在永生化的细胞中能够检测到大量SV40T(P<0.001)。结晶紫染色、CCK-8(P<0.001)和流式细胞周期结果提示永生化后的瓣膜间质细胞增殖速度变快。加入成骨诱导因子骨形态发生蛋白-9(bone morphogenetic protein9,BMP9)后永生化瓣膜间质细胞表现出较好的成骨能力,多数成骨标志物在分子层面的RNA和蛋白水平明显升高。去永生化后瓣膜间质细胞形态无明显改变,q-PCR结果显示SV40T明显降低（P<0.001）,细胞增殖能力明显下降,且细胞周期被阻滞在G0/G1期...     

翻转课堂结合PBL在诊断听力学教学中的应用研究

目的 将翻转课堂与以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）相结合,应用于诊断听力学课程教学中,并评估其教学效果。方法 选取重庆医科大学2019级和2020级听力与言语康复专业本科学生共72人作为研究对象,以诊断听力学课程中的3个章节进行教学改革。其中2019级34人作为对照组,采用传统教学（lecture-based learning,LBL）;2020级38人作为试验组,采用翻转课堂+PBL进行教学。比较两种教学模式下学生的随堂测试成绩、课堂参与度评分、教学效果满意度及教学总体满意度,以评价教学效果。运用SPSS 23.0软件采用t检验、卡方检验、曼-惠特尼秩和检验进行统计分析。结果 试验组随堂测试成绩（25.95±1.21）分高于对照组成绩（23.21±1.55）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。在课堂参与度评分方面,试验组课堂讨论参与度、合作与协作能力,以及提问能力评分均高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001,<0.001,<0.001）。在教学满意度方面,试验组学生在学习兴趣、理论知识掌握情况、团队协作能力、自主学习能力和自我展示能力等维度的满意度均高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.005,0.009,0.001,0.016,0.005）。此外,试验组对教学的总体满意度也高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.006）。结论 在诊断听力学课程教学中,采用翻转课堂结合PBL教学获得了良好的教学效果,值得推广。     

老年抑郁症患者血清Hcy、BDNF、NRG-1变化及与认知功能损害的关系

目的 探究老年抑郁症患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、神经 调节蛋白-1（NRG-1）变化及与认知功能损害的关系。方法 选择2016 年1 月至2019 年6 月来徐州市东 方人民医院就诊的老年抑郁症患者116例作为观察组,按照智力状态检查量表（MMSE）评分结果将观察组 中认知功能损害57例作为认知功能损害组,认知功能未损害59例作为认知功能未损害组。并选取同期 100名健康人群作为对照组,比较各组血清Hcy、BDNF、NRG-1变化,探究Hcy、BDNF、NRG-1变化与认知 功能损害的关系。结果 认知功能损害组Hcy为（29.49±6.36） μmol/L高于对照组的（10.47±3.31）μmol/L 及无认知功能损害组的（15.58±4.27）μmol/L,认知功能损害组BDNF 为（6.57±1.58） μg/L,低于对照 组的（18.26±4.73）μg/L 及无认知功能损害组的（13.24±3.45） μg/L,认知功能损害组NRG-1 水平为 （11.25±4.12） pg/ml,低于对照组的（32.50±7.14）pg/ml 及无认知功能损害组的（23.38±5.26） pg/ml,认 知功能损害组MMSE 评分为（21.36±1.05）分,低于对照组的（28.01±0.94）分及无认知功能损害组的 （27.93±0.71）分;且与对照组比较,无认知功能损害组Hcy 升高,BDNF、NRG-1 水平降低（P＜ 0.05）。观 察组MMSE 评分与血清Hcy 呈负相关,与BDNF、NRG-1 均呈正相关（r值分别为-0.790、0.778、0.777,P＜ 0.05）。预测老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害时,3项指标联合的曲线下面积（AUC）最大为0.884,优于单一的 Hcy、BDNF、NRG-1（P＜0.05）。单因素分析,认知功能损害患者Hcy水平及独居人数高于认知功能未损害组, BDNF、NRG-1水平低于认知功能未损害组（P＜0.05）;多因素分析显示,Hcy（OR=3.688）、BDNF（OR=2.575）、 NRG-1 水平（OR=3.019）,独居（OR=1.388）是老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害的独立危险因素（P＜ 0.05）。 结论 老年抑郁症认知损害患者的血清Hcy 高于健康人群及认知未损害患者,BDNF、NRG-1 水平低于 健康人群及认知未损害患者,临床检测老年抑郁症患者血清Hcy、BDNF、NRG-1 水平,能有效预测患者 认知功能受损的可能性,从而进行早期预防,改善患者生活质量。