直肠癌体素内不相干运动MRI参数的一致性和可重复性

目的 探讨直肠癌体素内不相干运动（IVIM）MRI参数测量的一致性和可重复性。方法 对128例经病理证实的直肠腺癌患者于治疗前行直肠常规高分辨MR和IVIM扫描。选择两种b值组合（A组：0、5、10、20、30、40、60、80、100、150、200、400、600和1 000 s/mm²;B组：0、5、10、20、30、40、60、80、100、150、200、400、600、1 000、1 500和2 000 s/mm²）,拟合计算出两组IVIM参数图,分别测量肿瘤区域单纯扩散系数（D）、假性扩散系数（D^*）和灌注分数（f）值。由同一观察者间隔3个月重复测量肿瘤区域D、D^*和f值;采用组内相关系数（ICC）和Bland-Altman图评价测量的一致性和可重复性。结果 两种b值组合图像所测量D、D^*、f值差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.001）;D、D^*及f值的ICC及95%置信区间分别为0.968（0.955,0.977）、0.780（0.688,0.845）和0.957（0.934,0.970）;Bland-Altman图显示差异百分比的±1.96标准差分别为（10.8%,22.4%）、（14.8%,61.9%）、（-45.3%,-10.2%）。同一观察者2次测量D^*值差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;D、D^*及f值的ICC及95%置信区间分别为0.826（0.670,0.908）、0.678（0.392,0.830）和0.910（0.830,0.952）;Bland-Altman图显示差异百分比的±1.96标准差分别为（-15.3%,12.4%）、（-39.6%,61.2%）、（-22.6%,22.9%）。结论 两种b值组合图像测量直肠癌各IVIM参数的一致性良好,D值和f值测量的可重复性良好。     

Carboxymethylcellulose ammonium-derived nitrogen-doped carbon fiber/molybdenum disulfide hybrids for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

In this paper, a new type of nitrogen-doped carbon fiber/molybdenum disulfide (N-CFs/MoS₂) hybrid electrode materials are prepared via a certain concentration in solvothermal synthesis followed by a high-temperature carbonization process and using the carboxymethylcellulose ammonium (CMC-NH₄) as a structure-directing agent for MoS₂ nanosheet growth during the solvothermal synthesis process. The addition of CMC-NH₄ effectively prevents the agglomeration of MoS₂ nanosheets to increase the specific surface area. Moreover, it not only serves as a carbon source to provide conductive pathways, but also introduces N atoms to improve the conductivity of the CFs and promote the transfer of electrons and ions. This ultimately increases the conductivity of the electrode materials. Thus, the as-prepared N-CFs/MoS₂ hybrids exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance is up to 572.6 F g⁻¹ under a current density of 0.75 A g⁻¹ and the specific capacitance retained 98% of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles of charge–discharge tests at a current density of 2.5 A g⁻¹. Moreover, the hybrids show a maximum energy density of 19.5 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 94 W kg⁻¹. Therefore, the as-prepared N-CFs/MoS₂ hybrids with remarkable electrochemical properties, low cost and environment protection show potential for practical application in the development of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.

Novel CMC-NH₄-derived nitrogen-doped CFs/MoS₂ hybrid electrode materials are prepared using CMC-NH₄ as a structure-directing agent for MoS₂ nanosheets.     

Interferon-based treatment is superior to nucleos(t)ide analog in reducing HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma for chronic hepatitis B patients at high risk

Background: The effect of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) versus interferon (IFN) on the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is controversial. We assessed whether antiviral strategy affected HCC development in CHB patients at different HCC risks.

Methods: 1112 CHB patients with antiviral therapy were included in this retrospective study. Patients treated with NAs only were classified into NAs group (n = 682) while those received IFN treatment with or without NAs were defined as IFN group (n = 430). Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to minimize baseline differences.

Results: Totally, 31 patients developed HCC during follow-up (median 5.41 years). The cumulative HCC incidence at 10 years was significantly lower in the IFN group than NAs group (2.7% vs 8.0%, p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in the PSM-cohort. Patients with IFN-based treatment were less likely to develop HCC than those with NAs (Hazard ratio = 0.15; 95% CI 0.04–0.66; p = 0.012). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that this superiority of IFN in reducing HCC development was obvious in patients at high- but not low-risk of HCC.

Conclusions: Reduction of HCC development was more significant in CHB patients at higher HCC risk with IFN-based therapy than NAs treatment.     

Safety assessment of aditoprim acute,subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies

Aditoprim (ADP), a new developed dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, has great potential in clinical veterinary medicine because of its greater pharmacokinetic properties than structural analogs. Preclinical toxicology studies were performed to assess the safety of ADP including an acute oral toxicity test, a subchronic toxicity test and five mutagenicity tests. In the acute oral toxicity test, ADP was administered singly by oral gavage to Wistar rats and Kunming mice. The LD₅₀ calculated was 1400 mg kg^–1 body weight (BW) day^–1 in rats and 1130 mg kg^–1 BW day^–1 in mice. In a subchronic study, Wistar rats were administered ADP at dose levels of 0, 20, 100 and 1000 mg kg^–1 diet for 90 days. Significant decreases were observed on body weight and food efficiency in the high‐dose group. Treatment‐related changes in clinical serum biochemistry were found in the medium‐ and high‐dose groups. Significant increases in the relative weights of livers and kidneys in females and testis in males in the 1000 mg kg^–1 diet, and significant decrease in relative weights of livers in males in the 100 mg kg^–1 diet were noted. Histopathological observations revealed that the 1000 mg kg^–1 ADP diet could induce lymphocytic infiltration and hepatocytic necrosis near the hepatic portal area. The genotoxicity of ADP was negative in tests, such as the bacterial reverse mutation assay, mice bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, in vitro cho/hgprt mammalian cell mutagenesis assay and mice testicle cells chromosome aberration. Based on the subchronic study, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level for ADP was a 20 mg kg^–1 diet, which is about 1.44‐1.53 mg kg^–1 BW day^–1 in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

肝硬化及其并发症患者之凝血功能变化

目的 探讨肝硬化及其并发症患者之凝血功能变化。方法 109例肝硬化患者及其健康家属清晨空腹抽静脉血测定PT、PTA、PLT、A。结果 肝硬化组PT值明显延长,PLT、A值明显下降(P<0.001),且随肝功能分级愈差,PT值愈延长,PTA值下降愈明显(P<0.01～0.001),PLT值下降亦愈明显。脾切除者与未切除者比较,PLT值显著上升(P<0.001),PT、PTA值亦有所改善(P<0.05)。有腹水者与无腹水者比较,PT值明显延长(P<0.01),PTA、PLT值下降(P<0.05)。并发感染、肝性脑病者与无感染、无肝性脑病者比较,PT值明显延长(P<0.05～0.01),PTA值下降(P<0.05),PLT值无明显改变(P>0.05)。而并发原发性肝癌、消化道出血者与无原发性肝癌、无消化道出血者比较,PT、PTA、PLT值无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论 肝硬化患者存在不同程度的凝血功能障碍,且肝功能分级愈差,凝血功能障碍愈明显。肝硬化有腹水、并发感染、肝性脑病者,凝血功能障碍更严重。并发原发性肝癌、消化道出血者与无原发性肝癌、无消化道出血者比较,凝血功能无明显差异。而脾切除术不仅可改善脾亢,凝血功能亦有改善。     

马齿苋鲜品凝胶剂制备及其对小鼠湿疹的初步作用

目的 制备马齿苋鲜品凝胶并考察其对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗效果。方法 采用正交试验设计,以卡波姆-940、丙二醇的浓度及pH值为考察因素,以卡波姆凝胶剂基质考察评分标准评分,筛选优化处方,制备马齿苋鲜品凝胶。观察马齿苋鲜品凝胶的抑菌作用,及其对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗效果。结果 经优化,马齿苋凝胶处方为卡波姆-940 0.7%,丙二醇10%,pH 6.5。抑菌结果显示,马齿苋鲜品凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有抑制作用。对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗结果显示,马齿苋鲜品凝胶可抑制湿疹皮肤组织的炎症反应,显示出较好的治疗效果。结论 通过正交试验筛选出优化处方,并观察到马齿苋鲜品凝胶对小鼠急性湿疹有治疗作用。     

Oral Administration of Polaprezinc Attenuates Fluorouracil‐induced Intestinal Mucositis in a Mouse Model

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) has broadly been applied to treat colorectal cancer as one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents. However, it frequently causes intestinal mucosal injury and related side effects, such as abdominal pain and diarrhoea, which limit the use of 5‐FU in a clinic setting. Polaprezinc has gradually become known as a mucosal protective agent for the management of gastric ulcer. This study aimed to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of Polaprezinc administered orally against intestinal mucositis induced by 5‐FU in mice on the condition that the antitumour effect could not be compromised. We induced intestinal mucositis in SPF‐grade ICR mice with 5‐FU, and evaluated intestinal damage in the absence or presence of Polaprezinc. We examined the score of diarrhoea and the loss of weight after the 5‐FU treatment and assessed the integrity of villus and the proliferation of small intestine crypt cells by haematoxylin and eosin staining and PCNA immunohistochemical detection. The antitumour effect of 5‐FU on colorectal cancer was assessed with or without Polaprezinc in a xenograft model. The result showed that Polaprezinc significantly reduced the elevated diarrhoea score and the body‐weight loss caused by 5‐FU abolished histological abnormality and crypt cell hypoproliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, without affecting 5‐FU efficacy on colon xenograft tumour in mice. We conclude that Polaprezinc could inhibit 5‐FU‐induced diarrhoea and alleviate the weight loss during 5‐FU chemotherapy, as a possible candidate for treatment and prevention of intestinal mucositis, through protecting intestinal mucosa and improving the quality of life after chemotherapy.     

Abnormal hippocampal substructure volume in insomnia disorder

Brain Imaging and Behavior - To date, our understanding of the role of abnormal hippocampal volume in imaging studies of insomnia disorders (ID) has remained in apparent contradiction. Given that...     

Discovery of Biaryl Amides as Potent,Orally Bioavailable, and CNS Penetrant RORγt Inhibitors

相似文献