上海市社区人群干预前后脑卒中发病率的变化

目的：探索在社区人群中降低脑卒中发病率的有效措施。方法：在“八五”“九五”期间，在上海市静安区的两个街道约9万人群中开展社区脑血管病综合性防治研究。结果：经过9年干预，干预社区脑卒中总发病率呈波动性下降，2000年干预社区脑卒中发病率为130．2／10万，与1991年相比下降了25．8％，而监测社区脑卒中总发病率呈波动性上升，2000年监测社区脑卒中发病率为187．4％／10万，与1991年同组相比上升了13．2％，1996－2000年脑卒中平均发病率与同组的1991－1995年相比，干预社区下降了13．0％，而监测社区上升了11．0％，干预社区不同年龄性别人群的发病率变化趋势与程度不一致，其中以75－84岁人群下降最为明显，结论：以开展健康教育和积极控制高血压，糖尿病为主的综合干预措施对降低脑座中的发病率效果明显。     

维生素D受体基因多个位点多态性与绝经后妇女骨密度及骨转换生化标志物的关系

目的：观察维生素D受体基因BSMⅠ,TAQⅠ,APAⅠ多态性与绝经后妇女骨密度及骨转换生化标志物的相关性。 方法：①2007-01/2008-12从福州常住汉族人中随机检测绝经后妇女576例, 年龄48-84(62.17±6.37)岁。受试者均知情同意。②记录年龄、绝经年限、体质量指数和绝经后骨折情况。③双能X射线骨密度仪检测正位第2~4腰椎、左侧股骨颈、大转子和Ward s三角区骨密度。④PCR-RFLP技术检测维生素D受体基因BSMⅠ,TAQⅠ,APAⅠ多态性。⑤用酶联免疫吸附法检测骨转换生化标志物(血清骨钙素、血清骨碱性磷酸酶、尿吡啶啉和尿脱氧吡啶啉)。 结果：561例合格受试者进入结果分析。①维生素D受体基因BSMⅠ,TAQⅠ,APAⅠ多态性各基因型间骨密度比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。②维生素D受体基因BSMⅠ,TAQⅠ,APAⅠ多态性各基因型间骨转换生化标志物比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。③维生素D受体基因BSMⅠ,TAQⅠ,APAⅠ多态性各基因型间骨质疏松症发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。④维生素D受体基因BSMⅠ,TAQⅠ,APAⅠ多态性各基因型间绝经后骨折发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 结论：维生素D受体基因BSMⅠ,TAQⅠ,APAⅠ多态性与绝经后骨质疏松症无明显关联,不能作为福州地区绝经后妇女骨质疏松的遗传标志。     

hTERT-siRNA表达载体的构建及对MCF-7细胞生长、端粒酶活性的抑制作用

目的 构建人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)基因的RNA干扰(RNAi)表达载体,并研究该载体对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞端粒酶活性及细胞增殖的影响,为针对端粒酶的乳腺癌基因治疗提供新的途径.方法 设计针对人端粒酶逆转录酶催化亚基(hTERT)的干扰靶序列TGTTCAGCGTGCTCAACTA,构建重组siRNA表达质粒pGenesil-hTERT,同时构建不针对任何基因的阴性对照重组pGenesiL-HK.两种重组质粒经酶切、电泳分析和测序鉴定后,用脂质体转染法分别转染乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,应用端粒酶重复序列扩增聚合酶链反应(TRAP-PCR)及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测端粒酶活性,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率.结果 酶切电泳测序分析表明插入序列正确,重组质粒构建成功.转染pGenesil-hTERT的MCF-7细胞,凝胶电泳见端粒酶特征性条带明显减少,端粒酶活性受到明显抑制pGenesil-hTERT转染细胞后凋亡率较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01),且转染48h凋亡率最高,达54.7%±2.41%.结论 hTERT-siRNA可有效抑制乳腺癌MCF-7细胞端粒酶活性、促进细胞凋亡,此法有望应用于肿瘤基因治疗.     

K-doped Li2ZnTi3O8/C as an efficient anode material with high performance for Li-ion batteries

Li₂ZnTi₃O₈/C and Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel method. Doping K apparently yielded a wider tunnel, helpful for increasing the rate of transport of lithium ions, and furthermore yielded excellent electrochemical properties. The first discharge capacity for Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C was 352.9 mA h g⁻¹ at a current density of 200 mA g⁻¹. Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C also performed stably, retaining a capacity of 323.7 mA h g⁻¹ at the 100th cycle, indicative of its excellent cycling properties. In the rate performance test, Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C showed at the first cycle a high discharge capacity of 379.5 mA h g⁻¹ for a current density of 50 mA g⁻¹ and a capacity of 258.9 mA h g⁻¹ at 1000 mA g⁻¹. The results indicated that K-doping should be considered a useful method for improving electrochemical performances.

(A and B) CV curves of (A) Li₂ZnTi₃O₈/C and (B) Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C, (C) Initial charge–discharge curves and (D) cycling capacity and (E) rate performances of Li₂ZnTi₃O₈/C and Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C. (F) The composition of the CR2032 cell.     

Rho激酶在小型猪白介素-1β介导的冠状动脉痉挛中的作用机制

目的探讨Rho激酶途径在冠状动脉痉挛发病中的作用机制。方法小型雄性家猪随机分为对照组(n=8)和模型组(n=8),冠状动脉外膜分别包裹吸附含生理盐水和白介素(IL)-1β琼脂糖微粒悬液的纸巾。2周后,采用冠状动脉造影观察管腔狭窄程度及5-羟色胺诱发冠状动脉痉挛情况。测定冠状动脉包裹血管段Rho激酶mRNA表达、肌球蛋白结合亚基磷酸化表达及光镜病理学改变。结果冠状动脉外膜包裹IL-1β血管段发生不同程度的管腔狭窄,5-羟色胺可诱发病变血管段痉挛。模型组与对照组相比,Rho激酶的mRNA表达病变血管段明显上调[(98·20±7·66)%对(63·70±4·26)%,P<0·05];肌球蛋白轻链磷酸酶的肌球蛋白结合亚基磷酸化表达升高(25485±4745对6510±779,P<0·05)。光镜可见病变血管段内膜增殖及炎症细胞聚集现象。结论Rho激酶参与IL-1β介导的冠状动脉痉挛的发生,其可能是通过增加肌球蛋白结合亚基磷酸化水平,抑制肌球蛋白轻链磷酸酶活性及加强钙增敏途径所致。     

Parathyroid hormone-like immunoreactivity in fish plasma and tissues

Although fish lack parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like substances, reacting with guinea pig antibodies raised against bovine PTH1(-84), were detected in the circulation of trout (Salmo gairdneri) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). The immunoreactive (IR) PTH concentration in plasma (0.5-1.5 ng/ml) was less than that measured in heat-treated and dialyzed 0.6% NaCl extracts of brain tissue (4.0-5.0 ng/g wet wt brain) and much less than that present in pituitary extracts (20-40 ng/g pituitary gland). Heat-treated saline extracts of hake (Urophycis tenuis) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) pituitary glands also had PTH-like immunoreactivity in radioimmunoassays for C-terminal and N-terminal PTH, in which serial dilutions of the extracts were parallel to the respective standards. The IR PTH material present in the pituitary glands was absorbed on Sep Pak columns and was eluted in the same buffer (90% methanol, 4% acetic acid) and same volume as authentic bovine PTH1(-84). IR PTH was not detected in extracts of muscle, liver, or kidney tissue, but was present in the corpuscles of Stannius (CS), at levels comparable to those in the pituitary glands. While heating the CS extracts had no effect on the IR C-terminal PTH content, it completely destroyed that of the N-terminal PTH. These results suggest that the brain, pituitary, and CS all produce a peptide which shows immunoreactive cross-reactivity with mammalian PTH but that the peptide produced by the CS is not identical to that produced by the brain or pituitary. The brain, pituitary, and CS may be the source of plasma IR PTH in fish.     

经内镜结扎和硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张和门脉高压性胃病的疗效及预后

目的：观察经内镜结扎和硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效及对门脉高压性胃病（PHG）的影响。方法;对92例患者随机分为套扎组（n=43)和硬化剂（n=49),分别在治疗后1－3月和1－3年内复查。观察静脉曲张及PHG的转归情况。结果：1－3月内复查套扎组完成26例,其中食管静脉曲张根除12例,曲张减轻12例,无效2例,PHG加重17例。硬化剂组完成29例,其中静脉曲张根除4例,曲张减轻22例,无效3例,PHG加重11例。1－3年内复查套扎组和硬化剂组的再曲张率及再出血率分别为61．5％、46．7％和44．4％．33．3％。结论：近期套扎治疗在根治静脉曲张方面优于硬化剂注射,但更易诱发和加重PHG。而套扎组和硬化剂组远期均可出现再曲张和再出血。两组比较无差异。     

糖尿病冠心病本虚标实证型分布特征及与病程年龄关系初探

目的:探讨糖尿病冠心病本虚标实证型分布特征及其与病程、年龄的关系。方法:选择91例经冠脉造影确诊的糖尿病冠心病患者,进行中医辨证分型,统计分析其病程、年龄等资料。结果:本虚证集中分布为气阴两虚、气虚、阳气两虚、阳虚4证,其糖尿病平均病程按气阴两虚、气虚、阳气两虚、阳虚的排序递增,平均年龄按气虚、阳气两虚、阳虚的排序递增,阳虚组较其余3组差异显著(P≤0.05)。标实证集中分布为寒凝、痰浊、血瘀、气滞血瘀、寒凝血瘀、痰浊血瘀6证,各证患者平均年龄、平均糖尿病病程无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:糖尿病冠心病患者本虚以气虚、阳虚为主,且随年龄增长和病程延长,由气虚向阳虚发展;标实以痰浊、血瘀为主,且贯穿疾病始末。提示临床治疗应益气温阳以扶正,活瘀化痰以祛邪。     

穴位注射联合中药敷贴治疗常年性变应性鼻炎72例

2004年6月~2005年6月,笔者采用曲安奈得穴位注射和中药穴位敷贴的方法治疗常年性变应性鼻炎72例,疗效较满意,现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料观察的172病例均为门诊患者,男76例,女96例;年龄最大64岁,最小14岁;病程最长6a,最短15月;均为常年性反复发作,年发作次数2~5次不等。治疗前均使用过抗过敏、抗组胺等药物治疗,其中有23例还进行过特异性免疫疗法。就诊时,排除使用曲安奈得的禁忌症,将患者进行随机分组治疗观察。观察Ⅰ组72例,观察Ⅱ组52例,对照组48例。1.2诊断标准根据1997年修订的《变应性鼻炎诊断标准及疗效评定标准》[1]中PAR诊…