开胸术后排痰的方法分析及护理

开胸手术是治疗许多疾病的重要手段,但由于手术时间长、创伤大,术后肺功能损害明显,黏液分泌紊乱和清除障碍[1],加上气管插管侵入性操作及麻醉和术后过程中误吸口腔和胃肠道内容物,如不及时清除容易使分泌物、误吸物积聚堵塞气管,诱发肺部感染和肺不张,严重者甚至发生低氧血症,     

心脏跳动下修补小儿室间隔缺损的临床研究

目的　探讨在浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下完成小儿室间隔缺损修补术的可行性。方法　 18例小儿室间隔缺损随机分为观察组和对照组 ,观察组在浅低温体外循环心跳下修补室间隔缺损 ,对照组为常规心脏停跳下修补室间缺损。测定心肌同功酶释放和三磷酸腺苷 ,观察左室压力 ,评价术野显露及气栓预防效果等。结果　观察组心肌同功酶释放明显低于对照组 ,三磷酸腺苷含量明显高于对照组 ,心肌超微结构基本正常 ,术中左室压力低于主动脉压力 ,术后无气栓发生。结论　浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下行小儿室间隔缺损修补术能更好地保护心肌。术野显露技术和防气栓的方法简便可行。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影伪影分析

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影伪影表现和成因，提高冠状动脉CT血管造影质量和诊断准确性。材料和方法：回顾性分析400例16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中失败及假狭窄诊断的38例图像，以DSA冠状动脉造影为金标准，分析上述病例中的伪影及假狭窄的CT表现。结果：伪影分为呼吸伪影、心律不齐伪影、冠状动脉搏动伪影、上腔静脉高浓度造影剂产生假斑块伪影、冠状动脉重度钙化产生的伪影，上述各种伪影均具有独特的影像特征。结论：准确分析CT冠状动脉成像伪影的影像表现及成因，对提高CT成像质量，减少诊断失误有很大的临床意义。     

麻醉药品的严格管理方法

文章编号:1009-6493(2006)12C-3352-02麻醉药品的管理是医院管理工作的一项重要任务,如果管理有方,使用得当,可以治病;如果失之管理,使用不当,危害生命健康及社会治安。2005年8月3日,国务院颁布了《麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例》以来我院采取了各种有效的相关措施,保证了麻醉药品的合理使用,取得了良好的社会效益。现将我院严格管理麻醉药品的方法介绍如下。1严格建卡要管理好麻醉药品,首先要严格建卡,建卡时要手续齐全。1.1户口本病人的户口要在建卡医院管辖区内,如超出所管辖区,应有三级甲等医院的证明或肿瘤专病医院的证明及病历。1.2病…     

Is magnesium neuroprotective following global and focal cerebral ischaemia? A review of published studies.

Neuroprotective activity with magnesium associated with animal models of cerebral ischaemia, seizure, perinatal hypoxia/ischaemia, subarachnoid haemorrhage and traumatic brain injury has provided the justification for clinical stroke trials. However, the recent IMAGES stroke clinical trial found magnesium to be largely ineffective. Hence, due to the negative stroke trial outcome, current FAST-MAG trial and our own experience with magnesium in cerebral ischaemia animal models, we thought it prudent to review these preclinical and clinical studies. We reviewed nine studies describing the use of magnesium following global cerebral ischaemia and fourteen following focal cerebral ischaemia. Four global ischaemia and six focal ischaemia studies did not show a significant neuroprotective effect with magnesium. In the majority of positive magnesium studies animal body temperature was not monitored post-ischaemia. Thus the effects of post-ischaemic hypothermia cannot be ruled out as a confounding factor in positive magnesium cerebral ischaemia studies. Moreover, data from our own laboratory indicates that magnesium is only neuroprotective when combined with post-ischaemic hypothermia. These data provide a possible explanation of why the IMAGES trial was largely unsuccessful, as current stroke patient management does not involve hypothermia induction. Future preclinical and clinical cerebral ischaemia trials with magnesium should consider combining treatment with mild hypothermia.     

氨苯砜综合征诊治探讨——附6例报告

目的：探讨氨苯砜综合征的诊治要点：方法：对6例氨苯砜综合征患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果和结论：6例氨苯砜综合征患者均为中青年，从服药到出现症状的时间较长，为9～55日.6例患者均以高热起病，起病急骤、凶险，病初均有麻疹紫癜样皮疹，皮疹多形，严重者出现尼氏征阳性或阴性的大疱和（或）全身性红皮病样皮疹；均有浅表淋巴结肿大；多数患者有血液系统损害；并均有肝损害：确诊后及时停氨苯砜，给予足量肾上腺皮质激素和（或）大剂量免疫球蛋白静脉注射，以及支持对症处理，住院12～80（中位数53）日，4例痊愈，1例病情得到控制，另1例因治疗第2日自动出院放弃治疗，死于肝功能衰竭？提示氨苯砜综合征需要及时、正确处理，否则预后不良.     

A comparative study of using comet assay and gammaH2AX foci formation in the detection of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced DNA damage.

Comet assay is a useful technique in the detection of DNA damages, particularly DNA strand breaks; and it has been utilized to show that a potent carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), can induce such damages. Recently, gammaH2AX foci formation has been suggested as another sensitive way to detect DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). However, there is no systematic comparison being conducted to evaluate the consistency of these two methods. Using MNNG as a model chemical, the sensitivity of neutral comet assay and gammaH2AX foci formation in detecting MNNG-induced damage was studied. It was found that at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 microg/ml, both methods can detect MNNG-induced damage in human amnion FL cells. However, at 0.1 microg/ml, comet assay revealed more percentage of cells with DNA damage than gammaH2AX fluorescence revealed. On the other hand, while gammaH2AX foci were readily formed at very early times by 10 microg/ml MNNG treatment, neutral comet assay did not detect any significant DNA damage at the same time points. In addition, 10 microg/ml MNNG induced a distinct whole nuclei staining pattern of gammaH2AX, a type of DNA damage which was not detected by neutral comet assay but could be detected by alkaline comet assay. Therefore, gammaH2AX may be used as a sensitive indicator for DNA damage.     

米氮平与氯丙咪嗪治疗抑郁和焦虑共病的疗效对照

目的比较米氮平、氯丙咪嗪抗抑郁和焦虑的共病作用和不良反应。方法65例同时符合抑郁症与焦虑障碍诊断标准的门诊患者,HAMD17项评分总分≥17分,≤23分、HAMA总分≥14分, ≤29分。分别随机给予口服米氮平(简称A组)和氯丙咪嗪(简称B组)。研究全程为期4周。疗效评定按HAMD、HAMA得分≤7分为治愈,减分50％为有效。数据进行X2及t检验。结果入组时两组 HAMD、HAMA得分无显著性差异(t=0．32,P>0．05),治疗第1周A组HAMD得分下降比B组明显, HAMA得分下降更为明显。治疗第2周开始A组HAMD、HAMA得分下降均比B组来的显著。第4周末A组临床治愈18例(56．3％,18／32),临床有效28例(87．5％,28／32)。B组临床治愈15例(45．5％, 15／33)临床有效27例(81．9％,27／33)。米氮平组有效率87．5％,氯丙咪嗪组有效率81．9％,无显著性差异(X2分别为0．76、0．40,P>0．05)。B组的不良反应例数及严重程度均远高于A组。结论对具有抑郁和焦虑共病的患者可用米氮平治疗。     

微波干燥法对腊叶标本压制的实验研究

目的：寻求一种不受气候条件影响而能成功制作腊叶标本的新技术。方法：采用微波干燥法，即用微波炉，由创制的直径31cm瓦楞纸板、吸水纸与玻璃皿组成的压制程序进行微波干燥。结果：微波干燥法可用于腊叶标本压制，且优于传统的常规腊叶标本压制方法。结论：本研究为腊叶标本的制作提供了一个新方法，收到了便捷、高效、且保色的理想效果。