常用生理参数的测量原理

随着医学事业的发展,监护仪得到广泛的运用,就医用监护仪常用生理参数的工作原理简述如下。     

98例尿道下裂手术的体会

目的通过对尿道下裂手术的改进,进一步完善尿道下裂手术的技巧和护理。方法A组50例尿道下裂Ⅰ期成形术中,采用皮下连续内翻缝合形成新尿道,且固定于阴茎海绵体,由阴茎根部自下而上多层次,多点缝合皮瓣皮下组织至阴茎海绵体上,均无间隙和死腔。B组48例采用常规手术方式作对照。结果A组50例尿道下裂Ⅰ期成形术成功44例,B组48例成功17例,A组与B组相比成功率显著提高(P＜0．05)。结论尿道下裂Ⅰ期成形术成功率关键在于术者对术式掌握的熟练程度和术中及术后对每个细节的认真处理。     

SARS死亡病例的实验室检查特点

目的：了解严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)死亡病例的临床特点，为SARS重症病例的诊断、治疗及预后判断提供帮助。方法：对我院2003年1月至4月底收治的102例确诊非典患者中的5例死亡病例的流行病学及实验室检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果：死亡病例均为男性，平均49岁，从发病到入院平均7．6d，从住院到确诊平均1．2d；从住院到死亡平均14．4d，从发病到死亡平均为22d。死亡病例粒细胞总数和百分比均明显升高，多数患者淋巴细胞计数和百分比降低(4／5)，血红蛋白均呈进行性下降。死亡患者除已见报道的ALT、AST、LDH、CK升高及低钙血症外，GLU均明显高于正常而ALB均明显降低；大多数患者TP、PA等多项生化指标均出现明显下降而脱氧血红蛋白百分率(HHb)明显上升，同时伴有低磷、低镁血症。结论：SARS死亡病例多项实验室指标均会出现明显异常，动态监测这些指标有助于SARS患者的诊断、治疗及预后判断。     

视场角设置对虚拟环境中目标判断的影响

目的探讨不同视场角参数对虚拟环境中目标判断的影响规律 ,找出最佳视场角参数。方法利用自行研制基于PC平台的虚拟现实 (VR)实验系统 ,选定 45名年龄在 2 3～ 5 8岁被试者并完成大小与角度判断的实验设计。首先进行 30 0人次的预实验 ,确定引起虚拟环境中目标判断差错的视场角及相应观察任务的差别等级 ,然后开始单因素、4水平的完全随机正式实验。结果方差分析表明 ,不同的虚拟环境视场角对目标判断的真实性有显著性影响 ,当视场角为 60°时 ,目标判断的正确率最大。结论利用VR技术进行载人航天器工效设计、操作训练或其它任务的研究时 ,应考虑视场角的作用 ,适合目标大小判断的视场角参数值宜取 60°,以便获得最大的工效     

全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

为了评价全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌的疗效，采用双侧睾丸切除、Ｆｌｕｔａｍｉｄｅ和Ｆｉｎａｓｔｅｒｉｄ联合治疗Ｄ２期前列腺癌病人５例。随访１５～２０个月，结果ＰＳＡ均正常，前列腺体积缩小６１．２％～６９．３％，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），骨转移灶缩小、部分消失，积水肾脏完全恢复正常，所有病人治疗后全部有效。表明全雄激素阻断对晚期前列腺癌有良好的治疗效果。提出在三个层次上阻断雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的策略。     

肝门胆管癌的外科治疗60例临床分析

肝门胆管癌近年有增多趋势,本文报告我院1975年～1985年间肝门胆管癌60例,占全部肝外胆管癌82例之73.1％,占同期全部胆道手术3626例之1.65％。临床表现主要有三型:1)阻塞性黄疸29例,其中25例曾误诊为肝炎;2)急性胆管炎12例;3)长期胆道疾病14例,其他5例。本组行B超检查19例,ERCP10例,PTC39例。最后诊断根据PTC和/或ERCP,剖腹术及病理检查结果。 56例施行了手术治疗,仅6例施行肿瘤连同半肝切除,姑息性肝胆管内引流15例,外引流23例,其他方法12例。平均存活时间:6例切除组24.5月,48例姑息手术组8.7月,未手术的4例为5月。文中强调早期诊断,凡40岁以上出现阻塞性黄疸或“传染性肝炎”均须警惕胆管癌,进行B超,CT,ERCP或PTC检查,文中强调PTC是诊断本病重要手段,可选择进行右左肝管PTC。本病应争取手术切除,不能切除者行肝胆管内引流或外引流,二者疗效无明显差别。     

加温合并药物治疗Lewis肺癌的实验研究

本实验以荷 Lewis 肺癌的 NIH 小鼠为模型,以肿瘤平均直径倍增时间(MDDT)为终点,进行加温合并抗癌药物的研究。结果表明:①43℃加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌有明显的治疗效果(P<0.05);②喜树碱16mg/kg合并加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌的抑制作用随加热温度升高而加强,在43℃时出现相加作用(P<0.001);③斑蝥素0.45mg/kg,高三尖杉酯碱1.2mg/kg 或消瘤芥0.75mg/kg 合并加温25分钟,对Lewis 肺癌的抑制作用随加热温度升高而增强,其中斑蝥素和消瘤芥在43℃时出现协同作用(P<0.001);①去甲斑蝥酸钠3mg/kg 对 Lewis 肺癌无治疗作用,但合并43℃加温25分钟时有协同作用;⑤鸦胆子油口服乳液8ml/kg,间隔27小时合并43℃加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌的治疗有相加作用,并明显延长了荷瘤动物的生存时间。     

Study on lymphocyte activation and proliferation induced by anti-CD3 McAb

Summary T cell activation and proliferation via CD₃-TCR complex were investigated by lymphocyte DNA synthesis in vitro. Several interfering factors were also discussed. The result indicated that lymphocyte activation and proliferation are calciumdependent. A rise of cytoplasmic free Ca²⁺ quickly following activation with CD₃ McAb is mainly due to intracellular mobilization of Ca²⁺, while lymphocyte proliferation needs both intracellular mobilization of Ca²⁺ as well as influx of extracellular Ca²⁺. It was confirmed that CTX sensitive G protein plays a role in regulating T cell proliferation by pretreatment with CTX suppressing lymphocyte³H-TdR incorporation obviously. PLC and PKC inhibitor neomycin and P. S. S could also decrease T cell proliferation.     

The role of nuclear medicine in oncology

Nuclear Medicine offers screening methods for oncology such as bone and bone marrow scintigraphy. During the last two decades, special procedures have gained widespread application. This paper is centered around the “tumor-specific” radiopharmaceuticals. In patients with thyroid cancer, I-131 still plays a significant role. Ga-67 still has its indications in lymphoma, while in other diseases Tl-201 cloride is now the agent of choice. Especially in thyroid cancer, Tl-201 has proved to be a reliable tumor imaging radiopharmaceutical. More recently, Tc-99m MIBI was introduced for tumor imaging. Tc-99m HMPAO may also be used for tumor scintigraphy, especially in brain lesions. In addition, I-123 IMP has successfully been used for imaging malignant melanoma. Another promising field of tumor diagnosis is receptor imaging. In neuroblastoma and malignant pheochromocytoma, I-131/123 mIBG is the radiopharmaceutical of choice and may be considered as a receptor imaging agent also. First clinical results with In-111 octreotide show potentials as somatostatine-receptor radiopharmaceutical in insulinoma, islet cell carcinoma, medullary and lung cancer, while I-123 estradiol needs some improvement until it may be recommended as diagnostic tool in breast cancer. Since 1978, radiolabeled poly- or monoclonal tumor antibodies and their fragments have gained widespread application. Especially the Tc-99m 225.28S melanoma antibody, I-131 or Tc-99m CEA and In-111/I-131 labeled OC-125 antibodies have proven to be of clinical significance in melanoma, colorectal and ovarian cancer.     

四种含淫羊藿中成药中淫羊藿甙的含量测定

本文采用高效液相色谱法测定了四种中成药中淫羊藿甙的含量。以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填料，柱温３０℃；甲醇－０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钠水溶液（磷酸调ｐＨ＝２．７）（５７：４３）为流动相，１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；检测波长为２６８ｎｍ，淫羊藿甙色谱峰形对称、分离度好。所测补肾强身片、龟龄集、壮骨关节丸和前列宁冲剂中淫羊藿甙的含量分别为０．１０５％，０．０９９５％，０．０５６６％，０．３１３％。