三峡库区血吸虫病潜在流行区安全饮水及无害化厕所使用现状

选取三峡库区血吸虫病潜在流行区的1 386名居民进行问卷调查,结果表明这些地区无害化厕所使用和安全用水情况不容乐观,存在感染血吸虫的潜在危险。     

Macrolide analog F806 suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by blocking β1 integrin activation

The paucity of new drugs for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) limits the treatment options. This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy and action mechanism of a novel natural macrolide compound F806 in human ESCC xenograft models and cell lines. F806 inhibited growth of ESCC, most importantly, it displayed fewer undesirable side effects on normal tissues in two human ESCC xenograft models. F806 inhibited proliferation of six ESCC cells lines, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) ranging from 9.31 to 16.43 μM. Furthermore, F806 induced apoptosis of ESCC cells, contributing to its growth-inhibitory effect. Also, F806 inhibited cell adhesion resulting in anoikis. Mechanistic studies revealed that F806 inhibited the activation of β1 integrin in part by binding to a novel site Arg610 of β1 integrin, suppressed focal adhesion formation, decreased cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and eventually triggered apoptosis. We concluded that F806 would potentially be a well-tolerated anticancer drug by targeting β1 integrin, resulting in anoikis in ESCC cells.     

EBV-miR-BART10-3p facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting BTRC

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with tumorigenesis and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. It has been recently reported that EBV encodes 44 mature miRNAs, some of which were found to promote tumor development by targeting virus-infected host genes or self-viral genes. However, few targets of EBV encoded-miRNAs that are related to NPC development have been identified to date. In this study, we revealed that in NPC cells, EBV-miR-BART10-3p directly targets BTRC gene that encodes βTrCP (beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase). We found that EBV-miR-BART10-3p expression in clinical samples from a cohort of 106 NPC patients negatively correlated with BTRC expression levels. Over-expression of EBV-miR-BART10-3p and down-regulation of BTRC were associated with poor prognosis in NPC patients. EBV-miR-BART10-3p promoted the invasion and migration cabilities of NPC cells through the targeting of BTRC and regulation of the expression of the downstream substrates β-catenin and Snail. As a result, EBV-miR-BART10-3p facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of NPC. Our study presents an unreported mechanism underlying EBV infection in NPC carcinogenesis, and provides a potential novel biomarker for NPC diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.     

影响便携式输液泵氟尿嘧啶化疗流速相关因素分析

[目的]探讨影响便携式输液泵流速的相关因素.[方法]观察273例次病人使用便携式输液泵进行5-FU化疗液体流速,对可能影响流速的7个因素进行分析.[结果]流速正常153例次,占56.04%,流速异常120例次,占43.96%(其中流速增快21例次,占17.50%,流速减慢99例次,占82.50%).温度、溶液黏度与静脉通道是否通畅是影响流速的主要因素.[结论]护理人员应针对影响便携式输液泵流速的主要因素进行调整、完善,保证化疗药物准确、及时输注.     

Preoperative detection of the neurovascular relationship in trigeminal neuralgia using three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

Microvascular decompression is an accepted treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Preoperative identification of neurovascular compression, therefore, could aid determination of the appropriate treatment for TN. To preoperatively visualize the neurovascular relationship, three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D FIESTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed on 37 patients with TN in our study. 3D FIESTA in combination with MRA identified surgically verified neurovascular contact in 35 of 36 symptomatic nerves. The offending vessel (artery or vein) was correctly identified in 94.4% of patients, and agreement between preoperative MRI visualization and surgical findings was excellent (k = 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–1.00). Thus, 3D FIESTA in combination with MRA is useful in the detection of vascular contact with the trigeminal nerve in patients with TN.     

家庭治疗对精神分裂症患者社会功能和生活质量影响的经济学评价

目的:评估家庭治疗改善精神分裂症患者社会功能和生活质量的经济学价值。方法:①选择2003-06/2005-09在广西壮族自治区人民医院心理康复中心住院的精神分裂症患者96例,均符合世界卫生组织国际疾病分类第10版关于精神分裂症的诊断标准,且自愿接受量表评估。②入院时用随机数表法将患者分为2组:家庭治疗组(n=50)与对照组(n=46)。对照组进行药物常规治疗;家庭治疗组在此基础上进行9次家庭治疗,观察6个月。内容包括:以疾病健康教育为主要内容的集体家庭治疗4次;以单个家庭为单位的个别家庭治疗4次;几个家庭参与的集体家庭治疗1次。③两组分别于入组时和治疗6个月后采用简明精神病量表(总分18～126分,分数越高,精神症状越严重)、日常生活能力量表(总分14～56分,分数越高,日常生活能力越差)、健康状况调查问卷(0～100分,分数越高,生活质量越高)评估患者精神状态、日常生活能力和健康状况,将各量表评分的变化作为效果。④分别计算两组患者6个月内的医疗费用总成本,简明精神病量表/日常生活能力量表减分量(E1,E2)(入组时简明精神病量表/日常生活能力量表分数-治疗6个月末简明精神病量表/日常生活能力量表分数),健康状况调查问卷增分量(E3)(治疗6个月末健康状况调查问卷分数-入组时健康状况调查问卷分数),平均成本-效果比(C/E),增量成本效果比(△C/△E)犤(家庭治疗组的成本-对照组的成本)/(家庭治疗组的效果-对照组的效果)犦。⑤计量资料和计数资料差异比较分别采用t检验和χ2检验。结果:精神分裂症患者96例均进入结果分析。①效果的确定:家庭治疗组E1,E2,E3均明显高于对照组犤家庭治疗组:(29.00±9.67),(17.06±5.00),(16.50±6.20)分;对照组:(20.67±9.48),(11.13±6.01),(10.00±9.36)分,t=2.420,2.994,2.294,P<0.05犦。②成本的确定:家庭治疗组和对照组的人均成本分别为(5797.06±949.52)和(5360.67±1511.96)元。③成本-效果分析结果:家庭治疗组和对照组平均成本-效果比C/E1分别为199.90和259.34,C/E2分别为339.80和481.64,C/E3分别为351.34和536.07;说明取得同等的治疗效果,家庭治疗的成本比对照组的成本少。与对照组比较,家庭治疗组的增量成本效果比△C/△E1为52.39,△C/△E2为73.59,△C/△E3为67.14;说明家庭治疗治疗组多付出的成本是经济的,可以通过少量的成本换取较高的效果。结论:抗精神病药物联合家庭心理治疗,能显著改善精神分裂症患者的临床症状、社会功能和生活质量,比单纯的药物治疗更能节省医疗费用成本,是一种高效低耗的治疗方法。     

羌菖合剂对脑供血不足大鼠外周血小板参数的干预

背景:有研究发现,羌菖合剂可防治脑供血不足引起的脑损伤,并可改善血液流变学指标。目的:观察羌菖合剂对脑供血不足大鼠外周血小板的干预结果。设计:完全随机分组设计,对照实验。单位:解放军成都军区总医院中心实验室。材料:选用SD大白鼠60只,雌雄不拘,体质量150～170g。大鼠被随机分为3组:假手术组(n=8),对照组(n=18),羌菖合剂治疗组(n=34)。羌菖合剂:成分为羌活、石菖蒲,将药物等量分2次煎煮,每次30min微火煮沸,将两次滤液混合,过滤,浓缩至含生药1g/mL煎剂。方法:实验于2004-07/09在解放军成都军区总医院中心实验室完成。对照组和羌菖合剂治疗组:结扎大鼠右侧颈总动脉造成脑供血不足。假手术组:只分离右侧颈总动脉,未结扎。假手术组在造模同时灌胃等体积生理盐水3d;对照组在造模同时灌胃等体积生理盐水3和7d(n=10,8);羌菖合剂治疗组在造模同时灌胃羌菖合剂10g/(kg·d)连续3d(n=10),3.3,6.7,10.0g/(kg·d)连续7d(n=8,8,8)。采用Bakeman血细胞自动分析仪检测各组大鼠外周血血小板参数(血小板计数、平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度、大血小板比率)。计量资料差异比较采用t检验。主要观察指标:羌菖合剂对脑供血不足大鼠外周血血小板参数的影响。结果:①术后3d,对照组血小板数与假手术组比较,差异不明显(P>0.05),而平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度和大血小板比率明显高于假手术组(P<0.01);羌菖合剂10g/kg治疗后平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度和大血小板比率明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而与假手术组相近。②术后7d,对照组平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度和大血小板比率已恢复到接近假手术组,而大血小板比率则明显低于对照组术后3d(P<0.05),羌菖合剂3.3,6.7,10g/kg治疗后大血小板比率则明显低于对照组术后3d(P<0.01)。结论:大脑供血不足可引起实验大鼠外周血小板参数异常改变,应用羌菖合剂可改善此种改变。