后囊连续环形撕囊在儿童人工晶体植入术的应用

后发障是儿童白内障最常见的并发症，是导致术后视力下降的主要原因，故降低后发障的发生率对提高术后视力及减少弱视的发生非常重要，以往文献报道大多是术后行ND-YAG激光后囊切开术来治疗后发障。笔者近年对儿童白内障采用白内障摘除人工晶体植入联合后囊连续环形撕囊术预防人工晶体术后后囊混浊，效果肯定，报告如下。     

两种石油加工残油对制备可纺丝中间相沥青的影响

用常压液相炭化法制备中间相沥青，并用熔融法检验中间相沥青的可纺性，研究了汽油裂解残油和催化裂化重柴油参混比的不同对中间相沥青的制备速率，产率，中间相含量，显微结构以及可纺性的影响，指出最佳配比。     

Klinische Erfahrungen mit der Knorpel-Knochen-Transplantation

The treatment of deep cartilage defects in load-bearing joints is a problem that still has no satisfactory solution. Full-thickness defects of the articular cartilage rarely heal spontaneously, usually leaving damage that can lead to early arthrosis. Techniques currently available for the treatment of chondral defects include abrasion, drilling, micro-fracturing, transplantation of tissue autografts and allografts, and cell transplantation. Osteochondral autograft transplantation is currently the only surgical cartilage repair technique known to lead to the formation of genuine hyaline articular cartilage and its retention at least in the medium term. The Draenert method, in which a water-cooled diamond bone-cutting system is used, is an effective procedure for resurfacing the joints affected by localised cartilaginous defects, even when there is also severe bone loss. Donor-side morbidity can be kept to a minimum by filling the defect caused by harvesting with a press-fit cylinder of cancellous bone covered with periosteum for protection.     

The concept of culture: A core issue in health disparities

Contemporary discourse contains numerous examples of use of the concept of culture by social and behavioral scientists. Simple reification, where the speaker makes culture into a thing capable of action exemplifies one usage in public discourse. Some quantitative social scientists attempt to characterize people’s cultural identities by means of a single categorical variable, which often “lumps” people into categories such as “Hispanic” or “Black” that in fact have numerous culturally bounded subcategories. Approaches that emphasize cultural process are preferable to those who attempt to categorize; more complex measures of acculturation help investigators to make convincing analyses of circumstances in which health disparities occur. Examples in which investigators make appropriate use of cultural characterizations demonstrate their utility in investigating health disparities in Haitian American women, injecting and noninjecting drug users, Hispanic youth, and adult Hispanics at risk of HIV infection. Focus on culture in the study of health disparities can identify entanglements between structural factors such as poverty and lack of education and cultural factors such as beliefs about health. Qualitative methods coupled with quantitative methods have great potential to improve investigators’ grasp of cultural nuance while capturing the distribution of qualitatively derived behaviors.     

单臂外固定架在多发伤救治中的应用

目的探讨单臂外固定架在严重多发创伤患者骨折早期固定中的安全性和有效性。方法2005年1月～2007年1月，按伤害控制骨科学（DCO）原则治疗伴有主要骨折的多发创伤患者34例，ISS评分平均29．4分，GCS评分平均12．5分；单发骨折24例，多发骨折10例，其中股骨骨折17处，胫腓骨14处，肱骨7处，前臂6处，复杂骨盆骨折3处。人院后均予以快速复苏，按照伤害控制性手术方案实施单臂外固定架临时固定骨折，完成复苏后行确定性的骨折内固定。结果开放性骨折平均每处骨折清创、外固定手术时间65min（30～140min），出血量185mL（70～250mL）；闭合性骨折平均每处手术时间45．8min（31～65min），出血量30mL（10～50mL）。平均间隔14．2d（5～45d）更换内固定，确定性骨折固定每处平均手术时间142min（60。171min），出血量420mL（200～490mL）。2例复苏期间死亡，1例针道感染，1例深部感染。余32例出院后均得到随访，平均随访18个月（8～32个月），骨折均获得愈合。未出现急性呼吸功能障碍、脂肪栓塞、多器官功能衰竭等严重并发症。结论单臂外固定架是一种安全、简便、有效的早期骨折固定的方法，正确运用可以控制手术规模和减少手术时间，为确定性手术创造了必备的条件。     

Discussing options between patients and health care professionals in genetic diagnosis: ethical and legal criteria

The specific characteristics of genetic data lead to ethical-legal conflicts in the framework of genetic diagnosis. Several international organisations, including UNESCO and the Council of Europe, have enacted rules referring to the use of genetic information. This paper discusses possible legal and ethical criteria that could be used in genetic testing.