紫外线辐射对大鼠呼吸系统免疫功能的影响

本文测定了紫外线不同照射剂量对大鼠肺巨噬细胞吞噬功能和支气管肺泡灌洗液中 IgG 水平的影响。结果表明:低于0.12MED 的紫外线照射可明显提高大鼠肺巨噬细胞吞噬功能和肺 IgG 水平,而0.25MED 紫外线照射即明显降低大鼠肺巨噬细胞吞噬功能,肺 IgG 水平未明显变化,表现出细胞免疫较体液免疫敏感。当超出1 MED 以上照射,上述两项免疫指标均受到明显抑制。本文结果为在紫外线照射不足的东北地区应用紫外线提高机体抵抗力降低呼吸系统感染及制定紫外线允许暴露量提供了免疫学依据。     

超声波提取洋葱总黄酮及鉴别

目的:为充分利用洋葱植物资源,避免资源的浪费,探讨洋葱总黄酮的提取及鉴别方法。方法:采用超声波乙醇浸提法从洋葱中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果:测得样品中总黄酮的含量C=20.58%,平均回收率为102.1%,其纯度和产率均较高。结论:该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取洋葱黄酮类物质的有效途径。     

活血舒筋巴布贴膏剂的基质优选研究

目的优选活血舒筋巴布贴膏剂的制备工艺及其基质配比。方法以感官指标总评和剥离强度为指标,应用正交设计法,优选各因素的最佳条件。结果贴膏剂最佳基质配比聚丙烯酸钠:甘油:柠檬酸:氢氧化铝=1.25∶2.5∶0.26∶0.12。结论优选出的基质配比与提取物和挥发油-β-环糊精包合物,可制备质量较佳和质量稳定的活血舒筋巴布贴膏剂。     

乳糖诱导鸡β-防御素3在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

目的研究用乳糖作为诱导剂对鸡β-防御素3(Gal-3)基因重组蛋白的表达,探讨工程化生产的可能性。方法分别比较乳糖诱导浓度、诱导时机、诱导时间及诱导温度对重组表达产物的影响,并以IPTG诱导作为对照,确定较为优化的乳糖诱导条件。结果对于重组目的产物,乳糖作为诱导剂也可以起到良好效果,诱导产物的表达量与IPTG诱导产物相当。最优表达条件为终浓度2 g/L乳糖37℃下诱导3 h,可以达到良好的诱导效果。结论乳糖可以诱导Gal-3基因表达,并取得良好效果,为工业化生产提供了良好的实验参考和借鉴。     

山西省三级医院胃癌患者住院费用影响因素分析

目的了解山西省三级医院胃癌患者住院费用的影响因素,为卫生、医保等管理部门制定相关政策与措施提供依据。方法采用多重线性回归统计学方法回顾分析山西省41所三级医院胃癌患者住院费用与性别、年龄组、地区、付费方式、伴随诊断数目、住院日、药费占比的相关性。结果回归模型有统计学意义(F=557.06,P<0.001),标准化偏回归系数显示,影响住院费用的因素从大到小依次为:是否手术(0.505)、住院天数(0.409)、医院类型(-0.177)、地区(-0.114)、药品费比例(0.110)、年龄组(0.028),R2=0.709。结论设法降低手术患者药费水平、住院日与药费占比,缩小地区间三级医院医疗技术水平差距、引导患者理性选择就医地点,可有效降低胃癌患者医疗费用负担。     

4—硒硫酸酯多糖对人肝癌细胞Bel／7402DNA RNA及蛋白质合成的影响

目的 研究4－硒硫酸酯多糖体外给药对人肝癌细胞Bel/7402DNA.RNA及蛋白质的抑制作用。方法 肿瘤细胞与不同浓度的药物培养24h后,用同位素掺入实验,观察药物对肿瘤细胞DNA、RNA及蛋白质合成的影响。结果 4－硒硫酸酯多糖可抑制肿瘤细胞DNA、RNA及蛋白质合成。结论 4－硒硫酸酯多糖对瘤细胞生长的抑制作用,可能与抑制瘤细胞DNA、RNA及蛋白质合成有关。     

急性消化道出血的病因及其相关因素分析

目的 回顾性分析急性消化道出血的病因构成,相关因素及内镜下表现.方法 收集2006年2月至2010年2月因消化道出血急诊就诊患者资料,包括年龄、性别、既往史及用药史、镜下表现,分析急性消化道出血的病因特征.结果 (1)4年间因急性消化道出血急诊就诊的患者共1415例,男女比例为2:1,男性平均发病年龄低于女性[(51±20)岁比(61±17)岁,P=0.000)].4个季度的发病例数依次为399、361、242、413例.(2)1030例患者行内镜检查,其中上消化道出血897例(87 1%),下消化道出血133例(12.9%);两组的平均年龄差异有统计学意义[(51±20)岁比(57±18)岁,P=0 000];男/女差异有统计学意义(656/241比65/68,P=0.000);非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)用药史者比例差异亦有统计学意义[22.1%(198例)比12.0%(16例),P＜0 01].(3)上消化道出血最常见的疾病依次为消化性溃疡546例(60.8%),食管胃静脉曲张出血130例(14.5%),胃癌40例(4.6%);根据行胃镜的时间窗分为＜12 h,12～24 h,24～48 h,48～72 h,≥72 h 5组,各组镜下活动出血阳性的比例分别为24.1%(20/83)、14 9%(24/161)、9.6%(16/166)、7.5%(8/106)、7.6%(29/381),x2=18.400,P=0.000;对消化性溃疡Forrest分级观察,随时间延长Ⅰ a～Ⅱc级的例数呈减少趋势,Ⅲ级呈增加趋势(x2=80.414,P=0.040).(4)下消化道出血中常见疾病为缺血性结肠炎44例(33 1%)、小肠出血26例(19.5%)、结肠息肉18例(13.5%).(5)＞65岁组(277例)胃溃疡及胃癌比例均高于≤65岁组(620例),分别为23.5%(65例)比8.9%(55例)和9.7%(27例)比2.1%(13例),均P＜0.01;而十二指肠溃疡比例低于后者,为22.4%(62例)比49.7%(308例),P＜0.01;下消化道出血中,前者小肠出血的比例高于后者(P＜0.01).结论 急性消化道出血第3季度发病例数最低;男性发病多于女性,男性发病年龄低于女性;上消化道出血多于下消化道出血,上消化道出血发病年龄低于下消化道出血;上消化道出血以消化性溃疡最多见;下消化道出血以缺血性结肠炎最多见;老年组中胃溃疡和胃癌的比例高于中青年组;建议尽早行急诊胃镜.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the etiology, related factors and endoscopic characteristics of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods The data including age, gender, medical and medication history, and endoscopic characteristics of patients receiving emergency treatment for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage between February 2006 and February 2010 were collected to analyze the etiological profiles of this disorder. Results (1) A total of 1415 patients with a 2: 1 male-to-female ratio visited our hospital for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the past 4 years. There was a higher mean age of disease onset in men than in women [(51±20) years old vs (61±17) years old, P=0.000]. The numbers of patients were 399, 361, 242 and 413 for 4 respective quarters in order of sequence. (2) And 1030 patients received endoscopy. Among them, there were 897 (87.1%) with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and 133(12.9%) with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Significant differences existed in the mean age of two groups [(51±20) years old vs (57±18) years old, P=0.000]. The male-to-female ratio was 656:241and 65: 68 for these 2 groups respectively (P=0.000). The percentage of patient with a history of NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) treatment was 22.1% (n=198) and 12.0% (n=16) for these 2groups respectively (P＜0.01). (3) The most common causative diseases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were peptic ulcer (n=546, 60.8%) , esophageal & gastric varices hemorrhage (n=130,14.5%) and gastric cancer (n=40, 4.6%). When the patients were divided into 5 groups of ＜12h, 12-24 h, 24-48 h, 48-72 h and ≥72 h per time window of gastroscopy, their percentages with endoscopically active hemorrhage were 24.1% (20/83), 14.9% (24/161), 9.6% (16/166) , 7.5% (8/106) and 7.6% (29/381) for these groups respectively with statistically significant differences. When peptic ulcer was examined by the Forrest classification, the ratio of grade Ⅰa-Ⅱ c decreased gradually while the ratio of grade Ⅲ increased gradually among 5 groups (x2=80.414, P=0.040). (4) The most common causative diseases of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage were ischemic colitis (n=44, 33.1%), small intestinal hemorrhage (n=26, 19.5%) and colonic polyps (n=18, 13.5%). (5) When the patients were divided into ＞65 years old group (n=277) and ≥ 65 years old group (n=620) , the ratio of gastric ulcer and cancer in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was higher in the former than in the latter [23.5% (n=65) vs 8.9% (n=55)&9.7% (n=27)vs 2.1% (n=13), P＜0.01)]. While the ratio of duodenal ulcer was lower in the former than in the latter [22.4% (n=62) vs 49.7% (n=308) , P＜0.01]. The ratio of small intestinal hemorrhage in lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage was higher in the former than in the latter (all P＜0.01). Conclusion At the lowest in the third quarter, the incidence rate of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage is higher in males than that in females at a lower age of onset. More common than lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage has a lower mean age of onset Peptic ulcer is the most common disorder in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Ischemic colitis is the most common disorder in lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The rate of gastric ulcer and gastric cancer in the old age group is higher than that in the young group. Emergency gastroscopy is recommended.     

重症急性呼吸综合征患者康复期肺功能变化临床观察

目的　通过观察重症急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者康复期肺功能的变化 ,了解SARS患者是否遗留有肺功能的长期损害。方法　对 82例SARS患者出院 3个月后进行肺功能检查 (实验组 ) ,并对肺功能异常者出院6个月后再次行肺功能检查 ,并以 2 8例健康人的肺功能做为对照组进行比较分析。结果　实验组肺功能检测发现一氧化碳弥散量 (DLCO % )为 (78 4± 17 4 ) % ,对照组为 (93 8± 13 6 ) % (P <0 0 1)。出院后 3及 6个月实验组中分别有 4 6例和 30例存在弥散功能障碍 (DLCO % <80 % ) ,37例和 16例有小气道功能障碍 ,2 8例和 11例残总比增加 (RV/TLC >35 % ) ,9例和 5例有限制性通气功能障碍。按照患者住院期间胸片肺部阴影的范围 ,将患者分为轻、中、重 3组 ,其轻重程度与出院后 3个月及 6个月肺弥散功能损害呈正相关。重症患者使用机械通气治疗组与未使用机械通气治疗组肺功能损害差异不明显。结论　SARS患者治愈出院 3个月及 6个月后 ,部分患者遗留有肺功能损害 ,主要以弥散功能障碍为主 ,少数有小气道阻塞、残气增加和限制性通气功能障碍。     

A carbonised sieve-like corn straw cellulose–graphene oxide composite for organophosphorus pesticide removal

The development of efficient adsorbents for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides from water is a major challenge. In this work, we prepared an activated carbon derived from sieve-like cellulose/graphene oxide composites (ACCE/G) for the removal of several organophosphorus pesticides. We employed corn straw to produce a sieve-like cellulose–graphene oxide composite (CCE/G); then, by treating CCE/G with potassium hydroxide at high temperatures, the efficient adsorbent ACCE/G was prepared. The adsorption capacity of ACCE/G is higher than those of other sorbents, including a multi-wall carbon nanotube, graphitised carbon black, activated carbon, C18, and primary secondary amine adsorbent. The ACCE/G structure has been fully characterised via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity of ACCE/G is 152.5 mg g⁻¹ for chlorpyrifos. The mechanism, the thermodynamic properties, and the kinetics of the adsorption process have been investigated as well. Our findings demonstrate that the adsorption mechanism depends on the electron-donating abilities of the S and P atoms. Moreover, the Langmuir model gives the best fit for the isotherm data, and the adsorption efficiency of the ACCE/G is still over 80% after eight times of recycling, making ACCE/G a valuable candidate for the removal of OPPs.

Synthesizing a reusable adsorbent from waste corn straw is a sustainable way to utilize secondary resources and purify water.