Parathyroid hormone-related protein is expressed by transformed and fetal human astrocytes and inhibits cell proliferation

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and the PTH/PTHrP receptor are expressed in most normal tissues, including brain, where PTHrP is though to act locally in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Previous in situ localization studies in adult rodents have documented CNS PTHrP expression in neurons but not in glial cells. However, a recent report describing immunoreactive PTHrP in human astrocytomas suggests that PTHrP expression may be a marker of dedifferentiation and/or malignant transformation in glial cells. To begin to test this hypothesis, constitutive and regulated PTHrP expression were examined in cultured fetal and transformed (U-373 MG) human astrocytes. PTHrP was expressed in untreated fetal astrocytes and U-373 MG cells, as determined by Northern analysis, immunocytochemical staining, and detection of PTHrP(1-84) protein in conditioned media. Epidermal growth factor and tumor necrosis factor, important growth factors in astrocyte development and malignant transformation, stimulated PTHrP expression in both cell types. Treatment of U-373 MG cells or fetal astrocytes with PTHrP(1-34) consistently inhibited cellular proliferation, as measured by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. These findings suggest that PTHrP, a peptide whose expression is induced by mitogens in both immature and transformed human astrocytes, may feedback inhibit cellular proliferation, an effect that may be of importance during malignant transformation as well as CNS development. Furthermore, when combined with previous evidence of PTHrP expression by PTH/PTHrP receptor-positive neurons, our demonstration of regulated PTHrP expression by receptor-positive astrocytes identifies PTHrP as a potential peptide mediator of cross-talk between glial cells and neurons.     

Numerical tissue characterization in MS via standardization of the MR image intensity scale

Image intensity standardization is a recently developed postprocessing method that is capable of correcting the signal intensity variations in MR images. We evaluated signal intensity of healthy and diseased tissues in 10 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients based on standardized dual fast spin-echo MR images using a numerical postprocessing technique. The main idea of this technique is to deform the volume image histogram of each study to match a standard histogram and to utilize the resulting transformation to map the image intensities into standard scale. Upon standardization, the coefficients of variation of signal intensities for each segmented tissue (gray matter, white matter, lesion plaques, and diffuse abnormal white matter) in all patients were significantly smaller (2.3-9.2 times) than in the original images, and the same tissues from different patients looked alike, with similar intensity characteristics. Numerical tissue characterizability of different tissues in MS achieved by standardization offers a fixed tissue-specific meaning for the numerical values and can significantly facilitate image segmentation and analysis.     

复方溴氯海因消毒剂性能的试验观察

目的　研究复方溴氯海因消毒剂的性能。　方法　在实验室我们分别进行悬液定量杀灭试验、稳定性试验、毒性试验。　结果　复方溴氯海因消毒剂为含溴氯海因的片剂 ,含有效氯 471g/kg ,以含复方溴氯海因消毒剂 1:2 0 0 0(g/ml)的稀释液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌分别作用 5、10min的杀灭对数值各次均大于 5 .0 0。含复方溴氯海因消毒剂 1:2 0 0 (g/ml)的稀释液对白色念珠菌作用 10min的杀灭对数值各次均大于 4.0 0。现场试验表明 ,消毒效果好。该片剂置 3 7℃温箱 90d后 ,其有效氯含量下降率 1.74%。毒性试验显示 ,急性经口毒性试验表明该片剂属实际无毒 ;无刺激性 ;微核试验结果为阴性 ;2 0 0mg/kg·bw为最大未观察到有害作用剂量 ,10 0 0mg/kg·bw为最小观察到有害作用剂量。　结论　复方溴氯海因消毒剂属于一类杀菌广谱、高效、无毒、稳定性好的消毒剂。     

应用飞行时间质谱仪快速鉴定细菌的初步研究

目的　研究基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱对细菌快速鉴定的影响因素。方法　应用 8种细菌 ,比较了不同培养基 (哥伦比亚血琼脂、伊红美兰琼脂、普通营养琼脂 )及培养时间对细菌质谱图的影响。结果　不同的培养基及培养时间会对细菌质谱图产生影响。结论　选择合适的培养基及培养时间可以提高细菌检测的准确率     

上海市伤害现状及其社区防制策略

随着疾病谱的改变，伤害严重威胁着上海市民的健康和生命质量，不仅使个人身心痛苦，也造成巨大的家庭负担、医疗支出和社会代价，已经成为21世纪上海一个重要的公共卫生问题。由于各国或各地区的经济发展水平和文化背景的差异，存在着不同的伤害防制策略的选择。伤害的有效干预和控制过程是一项涉及多学科协作、多部门参与的社会系统工程。上海作为国际化大都市，积极提倡和推行安全社区，与国际接轨，是防制伤害的一个有效选择。本文结合对上海市伤害谱的描述，对社区伤害防制的原则、策略的选择进行了探讨。     

α-酸性糖蛋白在类风湿关节炎患者中的临床意义

目的研究α1-酸性糖蛋白在类风湿关节炎患者中的临床意义.方法应用速率散射比浊法测定72例类风湿关节炎患者(其中活动期43例,非活动期29例)血清α1-酸性糖蛋白.结果 72例类风湿关节炎患者α1-酸性糖蛋白的含量为(1247.4±386.5)mg/L,43例活动期类风湿关节炎患者为(1582.7±516.6)mg/L,29例非活动期类风湿关节炎患者为(831.4±306.5)mg/L,30例正常对照组AAG的水平为(436.5±278.3)mg/L,类风湿关节炎患者血清α1-酸性糖蛋白的水平高于正常对照组(P＜0.01).活动期类风湿关节炎血清α1-酸性糖蛋白高于非活动性类风湿关节炎(P＜0.01).结论α1-酸性糖蛋白检测对类风湿关节炎的活动期评价有一定的临床价值.     

食管癌术后胸内吻合口瘘的非手术治疗

目的:探讨食管癌术后胸内吻合口瘘的非手术治疗的方法.方法:对 6例胸内吻合口瘘进行回顾性分析.结果:均痊 愈出院,无一例死亡.结论:对于胸内吻合口瘘,除要继续抗感染、营养支持外,还要综合处理.     

蛋白过敏性研究——BN大鼠动物模型

目的　用BN大鼠模型探讨不同蛋白的过敏性。方法　通过腹腔注射 (1mg ml)或口服 (10mg ml)给予BN大鼠卵清蛋白 (OVA)或牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) ,时间为 6周。在不同时间取血清 ,进行被动皮肤致敏试验 (PCA) ;分离血浆进行组胺测定 ;此外 ,对OVA组和对照组的大鼠进行血压测定。结果　PCA试验结果表明OVA特异性IgE抗体滴度较高 (1 32～ 1 12 8) ,而BSA特异性IgE抗体滴度较低 (1 2～ 1 4 )。与对照组相比 ,腹腔注射或口服OVA均使组胺水平升高。口服OVA对大多数大鼠的血压没有明显的影响 ,然而 ,有 2只大鼠收缩压暂时降低。结论　该研究结果表明BN大鼠模型可能是一种较理想的蛋白过敏性模型。     

伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤的效率及其作用地位探讨

目的：从一个侧面探讨伽玛刀的作用地位。方法：采取“伽玛刀”和“开颅手术”两治疗方法对垂体腺瘤治疗的住院日、治疗率、后续治疗率，以及病人收治数量的变化等方面进行对比分析。结果：在239例垂体腺瘤的治疗中，伽玛刀治疗的平均住院日只是开颅手术的31．40％，治疗率占64．85％，后续治疗率2、58％(开颅手术为38．10％)，病人收治数量明显增加。结论：伽玛刀在医疗绩效中的作用明显。     

湖南省基层计划免疫工作现状调查分析

目的 了解基层计划免疫工作现状，调查分析工作中存在的主要问题，为改善免疫服务行为、提高预防接种质量提供决策依据。方法 采用按容量比例概率法(PPS法)抽取30个乡镇，对适龄儿童计划免疫疫苗接种质量及基层计划免疫管理、接种单位服务质量进行调查、分析。结果 BCG合格接种率为96．2％，OPV合格接种率为94．1％，DPT合格接种率为92．2％，MV合格接种率为91．7％，“四苗”全程合格接种率为87.1％，乙肝疫苗合格接种率为78.6％；适龄儿童建卡率为94．1％；建证率为76．7％；乡级按要求上报常规免疫报表的占56.6％；乡村医师预防接种能够做到一人一针一管的占77．5％。结论 要通过加大计划免疫经费投入，开展预防接种单位与人员的规范化管理，进行预防接种人员技术培训，在预防接种工作中推广应用自毁型注射器，加强计划免疫督促检查与考核等综合措施来进一步提高全省计划免疫工作质量。