正常人多焦视网膜电图的特征

目的:探讨正常人多焦视网膜电图(multicalelec-troretinogram,mERG)在视网膜的分布特征,以获得正常参考值。方法:应用法国Metrovision公司生产的VisionMonitor视觉诱发系统检测15例(24眼)正常人mERG,检测视野的水平视角±30°,垂直视角±23°,采用ERG-jet接触镜电极,于5min记录61个视网膜部位的反应。结果:黄斑中心凹N1波、P1波、N2波的振幅密度最大,分别为(47.26±19.51)nV/deg2,(118.22±45.08)nV/deg2,(127.55±38.83)nV/deg2,向周边振幅密度逐渐降低;N1波、P1波的颞侧振幅密度较鼻侧大;P1波、N2波的颞上区振幅密度较鼻下区大。黄斑中心凹P1波、N2波的潜伏期均较其他各区缩短。结论:mERG的各波振幅密度与视网膜感光细胞的分布基本一致,能准确、客观的反映视网膜各部位的功能。     

非凝固手术联合氪多波长激光治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨将巩膜扣带术中冷凝改为术后氪多波长激光光凝封闭裂孔治疗视网膜脱离的疗效、适应证范围及临床意义。方法：回顾性分析2001／2003在我院行非凝固巩膜扣带手术联合术后氪多波长激光封闭裂孔治疗孔源性视网膜脱离36例(36眼)，观察其疗效并对结果进行评价。结果：术后随访3-24mo，视网膜完全复位的32例，术后0．5a后矫正视力≥0．132例，最佳矫正视力为1．5。结论：非凝固巩膜扣带术联合氪多波长激光治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离，简化了手术操作，无凝固手术相关的并发症，术后采用氪多波长激光封闭裂孔，可以根据裂孔的部位及届光介质混浊的程度选用不同波长的激光进行封孔，是治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法之一。     

近视眼后极部视网膜厚度与眼轴长度的相关性研究

目的:探讨近视眼后极部不同区域的视网膜厚度与眼轴长度的关系。方法:采用视网膜厚度分析仪(retinalthicknessan-alyzer,RTA)测定45例(85眼)近视患者后极部视网膜厚度,并分析视网膜厚度与眼轴长度的相关性。结果:近视眼后极部视网膜平均厚度与性别、年龄无关,与眼轴长度明显相关,随着近视眼眼轴延长,近视屈光度明显增加,后极部视网膜厚度明显变薄,其中以黄斑周围区比黄斑区视网膜变薄更明显。结论:近视眼眼轴延长不仅会引起屈光度的近视化,还导致后极部视网膜厚度明显变薄。     

临床瞳孔检查新进展

瞳孔每时每刻处于动态的变化之中,因此瞳孔的检查也是一个较为复杂的过程。随着对屈光手术质量要求的日益提高,特别是暗适应下瞳孔的大小往往在一定程度上可能决定着术后质量的好坏,因此暗适应下瞳孔的精确测量变得尤为重要。现对近年来涌现的瞳孔检查新技术作一简要概括。     

小梁切除加脉络膜上腔引流术治疗青光眼

目的:对传统的青光眼手术与小梁切除 脉络膜上腔引流术对青光眼的疗效进行对比分析。以期了解小梁切除 脉络膜上腔引流术式治疗青光眼的优缺点,并做出评价。方法:将过去4a内在我院接受传统手术与小梁切除 脉络膜上腔引流术的青光眼患者按术式的不同分为2组,其中,接受传统术式组63例(122眼),接受新术式者16例(16眼),作者将各术式治疗后的眼压差值、结膜滤过泡及前房形成的时间,并发症等几个方面进行比较。结果:两组比较的结果表明:小梁切除 脉络膜上腔引流术在治疗青光眼降低眼压方面有明显优势,差异有显著性。而在结膜滤过泡形成及前房形成时间及并发症减少方面无显著性。结论:小梁切除 脉络膜上腔引流术在治疗青光眼方面有较大的优越性。     

表面麻醉下小梁切除术的临床观察

目的:探讨表面麻醉下小梁切除术的麻醉效果。方法:消毒前用表面麻醉药4g/L盐酸丁氧普鲁卡因点结膜囊内,2～3滴/次,放置开睑器前再点2次。用白内障超声乳化隧道刀、穿刺刀、侧切刀做常规小梁切除术。结果:术中无疼痛者29例(34眼);术中虹膜根切时轻度疼痛伴眼胀者5例(6眼);2例(2眼)缝合球结膜时痛疼明显但能耐受未予以追加麻醉。术后30min轻度眼胀眼痛不适者8眼,均未处理,1～2h后缓解。术后视力提高2行以上者34眼,8眼视力无变化。自动电脑视野计检查视野较术前扩大12眼,余30眼无明显视野继续损害。39眼眼压控制在1.20～2.40kPa,3眼眼压控制在2.67～3.33kPa。     

Development of a Regionalized,Comprehensive Care Network for Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease to Improve Access to Care in a Rural State

Sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited group of blood disorders, is a major public health problem worldwide. Patients experience severe anemia, increased risk of life-threatening infections, painful crisis, and chronic organ damage. Access to comprehensive care for SCD is known to improve outcomes; however, it is only reported from large urban centers serving one metropolitan area. Alabama, US, is a largely rural state with a significant number of children born each year with SCD. Prior to the development of our regional clinic network, the Children and Youth Sickle Network (CYSN^SM), 50% of patients identified by newborn screening were not enrolled in comprehensive sickle cell care. The majority of non-enrolled patients lived in southern Alabama. Rural areas in this region are particularly plagued by poverty and poor access to healthcare. Life expectancy is equivalent to residents of Sri Lanka. This area has 15.7 doctors/10 000 residents compared with the statewide ratio of 41.9 doctors/10 000 residents.To improve access to care, a regional clinic network, the CYSN^SM, was established in 1995. This paper reviews the impact of the CYSN^SM on pediatrie SCD in Alabama over the first 5 years of implementation.Since its inception in 1995, the CYSN^SM has provided care for 923 patients compared with 450 prior to the development of the clinic network. Currently, 90% of all cases identified by newborn screening are enrolled compared with 50% pre-CYSN^SM. Prior to the network, the average age of patients at their first clinic visit was 21 months. In the post-CYSN^SM period, the average age at first clinic visit decreased substantially to 5.3 months. Prior to the CYSN^SM, patients traveled on average 90 miles to a comprehensive clinic. Post-CYSN^SM, this distance has been cut in half to an average of 45 miles. A total of 70% of patients now live within 30 miles of a clinic. Most importantly, the infection death rate has decreased from 5.71 deaths/100 patient years to 1.94 deaths/100 patient years.The development, implementation, and evaluation of the CYSN^SM show that comprehensive care delivery in a rural setting is feasible and improves outcomes in pediatric SCD.     

不同年龄组立体视阈值的检测与分析

目的探讨不同年龄组的立体视发育规律及儿童立体视成熟期。方法197人(3～38岁)分为学龄前儿童组、学龄儿童组、青少年组和成人组,用颜氏立体图对每组进行了远近立体视锐度、近的交叉视差和非交叉视差阈值检测。结果(1)学龄前儿童组,近立体视锐度正常率高于远立体视锐度,两者的差异有显著性(P<0.05),其余各组两者之间的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。(2)远立体视锐度,学龄前儿童组正常率低于其余各组(P<0.05);近立体视锐度各组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。(3)学龄前儿童组和学龄儿童组中,非交叉视差正常率高于交叉视差(P<0.05);青少年组和成人组,交叉与非交叉视差正常率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。(4)交叉视差,青少年组和成人组正常率高于学龄前儿童组和学龄儿童组(P<0.05)。非交叉视差,四组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论远近立体视锐度、交叉与非交叉视差的发育是不同步的,立体视功能要到12岁后才发育成熟。同时提示:临床立体视功能检查应进行远近立体视测定;并应测定立体视锐度,交叉视差、非交叉视差的阈值。     

顽固高眼压持续状态的急性闭角型青光眼急诊手术26例

目的:探讨急性闭角型青光眼高眼压持续状态下的急诊手术治疗。(急性闭角型青光眼高眼压持续状态:急性闭角型青光眼眼压高达60mmHg应用脱水缩瞳封闭等方法治疗眼压波动在6mmHg者谓之)。方法:对26例(28眼)急性闭角型青光眼手术治疗中,18眼应用前房穿刺临时降低眼压,10眼巩膜瓣完成后于巩膜瓣下角巩缘切开缓慢入出房水临时降低眼压后皆按常规完成青光眼小梁切除术;术中并发症主要为3眼前房出血;术后并发症为4眼前房消失脉络膜脱离。以上并发症经临床药物、脉络膜放液前房注入Henlon等治愈。结果:术后眼压全部恢复至21mmHg以下。术后1周检查眼底,7眼有视网膜片状出血,经治疗3月后出血吸收呈斑块状改变。结论:对于急性闭角型青光眼高眼压持续状态患者,在应用药物治疗无效时,为保护患者有用视力,手术介入是积极有效的;术中和术后并发症通过药物和其它治疗可以治愈,故急诊手术应是首选方法。