Flavonoids fromCirsium rhinoceros

Six flavonoids were isolated from the aerial parts ofCirsium rhinoceros. The flavonoids were identified as apigenin, luteolin, pectolinarigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, linarin, pectolinarin and hispidulin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.     

Cytokines modulate contraction of periosteal explants from rabbit calvariae

Periosteal explants obtained from rabbit calvariae are introduced as a model system to study contraction of soft connective tissue. Culturing of these explants resulted in a substantial time-dependent decrease of the surface area which coincided with a similar decrease in volume. A 75% reduction of the initial explant surface area was observed after a culture period of 72h in the presence of 10% serum. Also in the absence of serum contraction of explants was found, indicating that serum components were not essential. Following devitalization of the explants no contraction did occur. A strong inhibition of contraction was found following interference with the formation of microfilaments, microtubules or intracellular cyclic-AMP levels by using cytochalasin B, colchicine or dibutyryl-cAMP, respectively. These data indicated that viable cells and an intact cytoskeleton were a prerequisite for contraction to occur. A number of cytokines (EGF, aFGF, bFGF, IGF-1, PDGF, TGF-beta and IL-1alpha) was tested for their ability to influence contraction. IL-1alpha was shown to inhibit contraction from the 48h culture period on. Anti-IL-1alpha-serum completely abolished this effect. The IL-1alpha-inducible inhibition of contraction was also partially blocked by indomethacin. TGF-beta enhanced contraction dose-dependently during the 24-48h culture period, whereas TGF-1 and IL-1alpha, added to the cultures in combination, proved to antagonize each other. The other growth factors did neither influence contraction not the IL-1alpha-induced inhibition of contraction.     

Early one-stage orthotopic jejunal pedicle-graft interposition in long-gap esophageal atresia

Since 1988, four children with long-gap esophageal atresia have undergone one-stage orthotopic jejunal pedicle-graft interposition at the age of 2 to 3 months. Obtaining enough jejunal length was no problem and major early complications did not occur. In one patient stenosis of the distal anastomosis was problematic and required corrective surgery. None of the patients demonstrated jejunitis as a result of gastroesophageal reflux. With follow-up periods of 12, 27, 46, and 60 months, all patients are doing well. It is concluded that the jejunum is a better esophageal substitute than is generally appreciated.     

Hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy in gynecological cancers

Hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy has a strong biological rationale based on thermal enhancement of cytotoxicity and partial circumvention of resistance. Weekly locoregional hyperthermia in combination with cisplatin is an effective treatment (response rate: 52%) for patients with a recurrence of a previously irradiated carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A comparative trial versus cisplatin alone was recently started. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is aimed at situations after optimal cytoreductive surgery in patients with carcinomatous peritonitis. The warmth enhances the penetration of the oncolytic agent. Whole-body hyperthermia using the Aquatherm apparatus in combination with chemotherapy is feasible: results in patients with metastatic sarcomas are promising. Trials with whole-body hyperthermia are in progress in patients with platinum refractory ovarian cancer and in patients with a metastatic carcinoma of the uterine cervix.     

Demonstration of Bartonella grahamii DNA in ocular fluids of a patient with neuroretinitis

We describe the clinical and laboratory features of a 55-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative female patient who presented with bilateral intraocular inflammatory disease (neuroretinitis type) and behavioral changes caused by a Bartonella grahamii infection. Diagnosis was based on the PCR analysis of DNA extracted from the intraocular fluids. DNA analysis of the PCR product revealed a 100% identity with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of B. grahamii. The patient was successfully treated with doxycycline (200 mg/day) and rifampin (600 mg/day) for 4 weeks. This is the first report that demonstrates the presence of a Bartonella species in the intraocular fluids of a nonimmunocompromised patient and that indicates that B. grahamii is pathogenic for humans.     

Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors fromMelia azedarach var.Japonica

In bioassay-guided search for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitory compounds from higher plants of South Korea, two beta-carboline alkaloids, 4-methoxy-1-vinyl-beta-carboline (1) and 4,8-dimethoxy-l-vinyl-beta-carboline (2) have been isolated from the cortex of Melia azedarach var. japonica. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed marked inhibitory activity of iNOS on LPS- and interferon-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.     

Atopy, lung function, and obstructive airways disease after prenatal exposure to famine

BACKGROUND: Associations have been found between a large head size at birth and atopy, and between low birth weight and obstructive airways disease. A study was undertaken of people born around the time of the Dutch famine in 1944-5 to determine the effects of maternal malnutrition during specific periods of gestation on the prevalence of obstructive airways disease and atopy. METHODS: Nine hundred and twelve people aged about 50, born at term between November 1943 and February 1947 in Amsterdam, were asked about their medical history. Lung function was measured in 733 and serum concentrations of total IgE and specific IgE against mite, pollen and cat were measured in 726. Those exposed in late, mid, and early gestation (exposed participants) were compared with those born before or conceived after the famine (non-exposed participants). RESULTS: Exposure to famine during gestation affected neither the concentrations of total or specific IgE nor lung function values. The prevalence of obstructive airways disease was increased in people exposed to famine in mid gestation (odds ratio adjusted for sex 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.6) and tended to be higher in those exposed in early gestation (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 0. 9 to 2.6). CONCLUSIONS: The observed increase in the prevalence of obstructive airways disease in people exposed to famine in mid and early gestation was not parallelled by effects on IgE concentrations or lung function. The link between exposure to famine in mid and early gestation and obstructive airways disease in adulthood suggests that fetal lungs can be permanently affected by nutritional challenges during periods of rapid growth.     

Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B s-antigen seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: For cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a well described complication resulting in varying degrees of liver damage. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of the antiviral agent lamivudine in reducing the incidence of HBV reactivation and diminishing morbidity and mortality of cancer patients with chronic HBV infection during chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups were compared in this nonrandomized study. The prophylactic lamivudine group consisted of 65 patients in a phase II study who were treated with lamivudine before and until 8 weeks after discontinuing chemotherapy. The historical controls consisted of 193 consecutive patients who underwent chemotherapy without prophylactic lamivudine. Significant prognosticators for the development of HBV reactivation were determined based on data from the controls. Potential confounding factors were identified between the two groups. The outcomes were compared. RESULTS: In the controls, lymphoma and anthracycline usage were factors identified to be associated with reactivation. The two groups were comparable in most baseline characteristics, although in the prophylactic lamivudine group, there were significantly more patients with lymphoma and receiving anthracyclines. In the prophylactic lamivudine group, there was significantly less HBV reactivation (4.6% v 24.4% in the controls; P <.001), fewer incidences of hepatitis (17.5% v 44.6%; P <.0001) that were less severe (4.8% v 18.7%; P =.0005), and less disruption of chemotherapy (15.4% v 34.6%; P =.0029). The reduction in overall mortality was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic lamivudine significantly reduced the incidence of HBV reactivation and the overall morbidity of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.